Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

@article{Abildtrup2015CalprotectinAA,
  title={Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review},
  author={Mads Abildtrup and Gabrielle H. Kingsley and David L. Scott},
  journal={The Journal of Rheumatology},
  year={2015},
  volume={42},
  pages={760 - 770}
}
Objective. Calprotectin (myeloid-related protein 8/14), a heterodimeric complex of calcium-binding proteins, is expressed in granulocytes and monocytes. Calprotectin levels are high in synovial tissue, particularly in activated cells adjacent to the cartilage-pannus junction. This systematic review evaluates the use of calprotectin as an indicator of disease activity, therapeutic response, and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (1970–2013… 
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Calprotectin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with disease activity: a meta-analysis
TLDR
It is demonstrated that circulating and synovial fluid cal protectin levels are high in patients with RA, and that circulating calprotectin levels positively correlate with RA activity.
Calprotectin in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis correlates with disease activity and responsiveness to methotrexate
TLDR
Plasma calprotectin is associated with disease activity in patients with chronic RA and is more strongly correlated to MTX response compared to C-reactive protein (CRP).
The Role of Calprotectin in Rheumatoid Arthritis
TLDR
The role of CLP in the pathogenesis of RA as well as its potential to estimate clinical disease progression of RA patients are discussed.
Systemic calprotectin and chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Evaluation of Serum Calprotectin Level and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
TLDR
It is shown that the serum level of calprotectin can be a useful and reliable biomarker in RA activity and its severity and it also can predict treatment response.
Pre-analytical and analytical confounders of serum calprotectin as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis
TLDR
Evaluated data document that calprotectin measurement is assay- and matrix-dependent, with higher values found in serum than in plasma, and Serum cal Protectin is associated with disease activity.
EVALUATION OF CALPROTECTIN, SERUM AMYLOID A AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS 2 AND 4 IN IRAQI RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that progresses when the immune system attacks bodily tissues inadvertently. The lining of joints is damaged in rheumatoid arthritis, which…
Circulating calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients that relapse within 12 months of tapering anti-rheumatic drugs
TLDR
Circulating calprotectin levels in RA patients in remission on DMARDs are higher in patients that will flare upon DMARD tapering/stopping, and more research is needed to determine whether cal protectin has prognostic value in predicting flare after attempting drug tapering in RA.
Interleukin-6 and Serum/Fecal Calprotectin as Useful Specific Markers for Monitoring Rheumatic Diseases: A Pilot Study.
TLDR
It was found that CRP, ESR, and fecal cal Protectin seemed to be related to autoimmune rheumatic disorders and to be associated with therapy, whereas serum calprotectin and IL-6 did not seem to beassociated with disease improvement after the start of treatment, along with leukocyte count and platelet count.
Association of circulating calprotectin with lipid profile in axial spondyloarthritis
TLDR
This study shows no relationship between CPT and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in axSpA, but demonstrates an association of CPT with adverse lipid profiles and inflammatory biomarkers, which could further influence on the development of Atherosclerosis.
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References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 55 REFERENCES
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TLDR
Calprotectin levels strongly correlate with clinical and laboratory assessments of joint inflammation and also decrease in response to treatment, indicating that calprotectin is a promising marker for assessment and monitoring of disease activity in patients with RA.
Leukocyte protein calprotectin and outcome in rheumatoid arthritis
TLDR
The results confirm cal protectin as a good measure of disease activity and joint inflammation in RA, however, the level of calprotectin at baseline was not predictive for radiographic damage or functional impairment five years later.
Calprotectin (a major S100 leucocyte protein) predicts 10-year radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
TLDR
Findings support the proposal that calprotectin may be a prognostic biomarker for erosive disease in patients with RA and suggest it was an independent predictor of clinical and radiographic joint damage after 10 years.
Calprotectin (a major leucocyte protein) is strongly and independently correlated with joint inflammation and damage in rheumatoid arthritis
TLDR
Calprotectin was found to significantly and independently explain the variation in the radiological and clinical assessments of joint damage, and longitudinal studies are required to examine whether calprotectin may predict the progression of jointDamage in RA.
Calprotectin (a major leucocyte protein) is associated with the levels of anti‐CCP and rheumatoid factor in a longitudinal study of patients with very early rheumatoid arthritis
TLDR
This is the first study that shows significant associations between the levels of calprotectin and anti‐CCP, IgA‐RF, and IgM‐RF in very early RA, and significant correlations were found between cal Protectin and markers of disease activity.
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TLDR
In a cross sectional study of 70 patients with RA, L1 had significant correlations with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and with the following clinical variables: number of swollen joints, grip strength, and PIP joint circumferences.
The soluble biomarker calprotectin (a S100 protein) is associated to ultrasonographic synovitis scores and is sensitive to change in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab
TLDR
Calprotectin was associated with the sum scores from a comprehensive US assessment and was responsive to change during anti-TNF treatment, suggesting that examination of this leukocyte protein could be of additional value in the assessment of RA patients on biologic treatment.
Measurement of plasma calprotectin as an indicator of arthritis and disease activity in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
TLDR
The plasma calprotectin level may be a useful indicator of arthritis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases and which factors contribute to the raised plasma cal Protectin levels are analyzed.
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TLDR
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Decreases in serum levels of S100A8/9 (calprotectin) correlate with improvements in total swollen joint count in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis
TLDR
This study is the first to show normalisation of elevated S100 proteins in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis after the initiation of conventional treatment and might potentially be a predictive marker for improvement in the total number of swollen joints in patients in the early phase of RA.
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