Breast development in pediatric patients from birth to puberty: physiology, pathology and imaging correlation

@article{Restrepo2021BreastDI,
  title={Breast development in pediatric patients from birth to puberty: physiology, pathology and imaging correlation},
  author={Ricardo Restrepo and Luisa F. Cervantes and Alexa Morgan Swirsky and Alejandro D{\'i}az},
  journal={Pediatric Radiology},
  year={2021},
  volume={51},
  pages={1959 - 1969},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235767694}
}
It is important for radiologists to have a basic understanding of endocrinological changes and appearance on imaging to avoid potential pitfalls, particularly on ultrasound, which is the primary modality used to evaluate the breast.

Pictorial Review of Common and Uncommon Pediatric Breast Lesions.

Knowledge of the imaging appearance of normal breast development and the spectrum of benign and malignant pediatric breast masses is necessary to make the correct diagnosis.

Etiology of breast development and asymmetry

The aim was to analyze and understand breast development in males and females, breast changes from the prepubertal to post-menopausal period, benign pathological changes, summarizing the etiologies of breast asymmetry, and their effects on quality of life.

Imaging the Male Breast: Gynecomastia, Male Breast Cancer, and Beyond.

Radiologists must be familiar with the breadth of male breast abnormalities to meet the rising challenge of caring for these patients, and therefore most solid breast masses in men require tissue diagnosis.

Importance of parental anxiety in management of developmental breast conditions in children: A study with a prospective hierarchical regression model

Among the many factors that affect anxiety experienced by parents whose son or daughter has breast problems, the gender of the child, place of residence of the family, and management methods used by the practitioner are demographic characteristics that should be taken into consideration.

A Comprehensive Review on Electrochemical Nano Biosensors for Precise Detection of Blood-Based Oncomarkers in Breast Cancer

This comprehensive review provides information about the prevalence and pathobiology of BC, recent advances in clinically available BC oncomarkers, and the most common electrochemical nano biosensors for point-of-care (POC) detection of various BC onComarkers using nanomaterial-based signal amplification techniques.

Literasi Sadari pada Perempuan Kota di Masyarakat Marginal

The results of this study indicate that SADARI literacy among urban women in marginal communities is still low, and can be a reference for the government to promote the socialization of early breast cancer detection that reaches marginal communities.

Pathologic Breast Conditions in Childhood and Adolescence

The aim of this study was to analyze the underlying diagnoses and diseases and determine the status of breast sonography in the diagnostic process.

Breast Development in Puberty

The structural and functional changes that occur at puberty are described, and what is known about the endocrine control of these changes in the human is summarized.

Breast asymmetry during adolescence: physiologic and non-physiologic causes.

Severe breast asymmetry in adolescence may be due to congenital factors, diseases involving the breast tissue, or to the effects of medical treatment, and may have severe adverse psychological and social implications.

Sonographic Features of Physiologic Neonatal Breast Enlargement

A 3-week-old female patient who presented with a history of left breast enlargement with redness and tenderness for 2 days, who was clinically diagnosed and managed for neonatal mastitis, which was actually a neonatal breast enlargements with adjacent cellulitis.

Pediatric and adolescent breast masses: a review of pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment.

The benign breast conditions that arise as part of the spectrum of normal breast development, as well as the usually benign but neoplastic process that may develop within an otherwise normal breast are reviewed.

Spectrum of US findings in pediatric and adolescent patients with palpable breast masses.

Though extremely rare, breast malignancies do occur in the pediatric and adolescent population, palpable findings were all due to benign causes, which is concordant with the literature.

Ultrasound of pediatric breast masses: what to do with lumps and bumps

The imaging appearances of the normally developing pediatric breast are described and the imaging findings of a spectrum of diseases, including those that are benign (fibroadenoma, juvenile papillomatosis, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, gynecomastia, abscess and fat necrosis), malignant (breast carcinoma and metastases), and have variable malignant potential (phyllodes tumor).
...