Bismuth—Production, properties, and applications

@article{Ojebuoboh1992BismuthProductionPA,
  title={Bismuth—Production, properties, and applications},
  author={Funsho Ojebuoboh},
  journal={JOM},
  year={1992},
  volume={44},
  pages={46-49}
}
Bismuth, the most metallic element in group V A of the periodic table, is primarily a by-product of lead refining. It is also a by-product of several ore-dressing operations, especially high-grade scheelite and wolframite ores. It is generally recovered by processing lead electrorefining slimes, Kroll-Betterton dross, and other process residues which contain bismuth. No matter the source, it is refined to virgin metal with chlorine. Bismuth’s unique properties make it attractive for a plethora… 
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TLDR
Despite significant surface morphological modifications, the grain-boundary-arranged 3Y-TZP particles in a BICUVOX.1-matrix composite did not result in enhanced chemical stability, and was observed to be composed of microspheres formed primarily of metallic bismuth.
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TLDR
This review emphasizes the synthesis and state-of-the-art progress related to the biomedical applications of BiNPs with different structures, sizes, and compositions.
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The present paper deals with the extraction and separation of zinc, lead, silver, and bismuth from a refractory bismuth refining slag via a hydrometallurgical route. The process consists of a…
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In view of serious shortcomings existing in the current bismuthinite metallurgical process, such as high energy consumption, low recovery rate of bismuth and low-concentrate SO2 fume pollution, a…
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References

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TLDR
The decorative bronze handle of a tumi excavated at the Inca city of Machu Picchu, Peru, appears to be the first known example of the use of bismuth with tin to make bronze.
Treatise on inorganic chemistry