Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.
@article{Taylor2000BiobehavioralRT, title={Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.}, author={S. Taylor and L. C. Klein and B. P. Lewis and T. Gruenewald and R. Gurung and J. Updegraff}, journal={Psychological review}, year={2000}, volume={107 3}, pages={ 411-29 } }
The human stress response has been characterized, both physiologically and behaviorally, as "fight-or-flight." Although fight-or-flight may characterize the primary physiological responses to stress for both males and females, we propose that, behaviorally, females' responses are more marked by a pattern of "tend-and-befriend." Tending involves nurturant activities designed to protect the self and offspring that promote safety and reduce distress; befriending is the creation and maintenance of… Expand
Topics from this paper
2,626 Citations
Sex differences in biobehavioral responses to threat: Reply to Geary and Flinn (2002)
- Psychology
- 2002
- 29
- PDF
The effects of psychosocial stress on intergroup resource allocation
- Psychology, Medicine
- Scientific Reports
- 2019
- 5
- PDF
Sex differences in behavioral and hormonal response to social threat: commentary on Taylor et al. (2000).
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychological review
- 2002
- 133
- Highly Influenced
- PDF
Cortisol modulates men’s affiliative responses to acute social stress
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- 2016
- 29
- Highly Influenced
- PDF
Effects of acute stress on social behavior in women
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- 2019
- 20
- Highly Influenced
- PDF
Sex differences in parental reaction to pediatric illness
- Psychology, Medicine
- Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community
- 2011
- 11
A friend in need: Time-dependent effects of stress on social discounting in men
- Psychology, Medicine
- Hormones and Behavior
- 2015
- 57
- Highly Influenced
- PDF
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 377 REFERENCES
Behavior and physiology of social stress and depression in female cynomolgus monkeys
- Psychology, Medicine
- Biological Psychiatry
- 1997
- 318
Sex-Specific Effects of Social Support on Cortisol and Subjective Responses to Acute Psychological Stress
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychosomatic medicine
- 1995
- 521
Neuroendocrine response during stress with relation to gender differences.
- Medicine
- Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis
- 1996
- 134
- PDF
Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress.
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychosomatic medicine
- 1999
- 196
- PDF
Brain Systems for the Mediation of Social Separation‐Distress and Social‐Reward Evolutionary Antecedents and Neuropeptide Intermediaries a
- Psychology, Medicine
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- 1997
- 223
- Highly Influential
Behavioral inhibition and stress reactivity: the moderating role of attachment security.
- Psychology, Medicine
- Child development
- 1996
- 680
Hostility, testosterone, and vascular reactivity to stress: Effects of sex
- Psychology, Medicine
- International journal of behavioral medicine
- 1997
- 29
- Highly Influential
Social support and cardiovascular reactions to active laboratory stressors.
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychology & health
- 1994
- 47
Estrogen modulation of oxytocin and its relation to behavior.
- Medicine
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology
- 1995
- 148
- Highly Influential