• DOI:10.1086/715141
• Corpus ID: 235473652

Beholding Inequality: Race, Gender, and Returns to Physical Attractiveness in the United States1

@article{Monk2021BeholdingIR,
  title={Beholding Inequality: Race, Gender, and Returns to Physical Attractiveness in the United States1},
  author={Ellis P. Monk and Michael H. Esposito and Hedwig Lee},
  journal={American Journal of Sociology},
  year={2021},
  volume={127},
  pages={194 - 241}
}

• Ellis P. Monk, Michael H. Esposito, Hedwig Lee
• Published 1 July 2021
• Sociology
• American Journal of Sociology

Physical attractiveness is an important axis of social stratification associated with educational attainment, marital patterns, earnings, and more. Still, relative to ethnoracial and gender stratification, physical attractiveness is relatively understudied. In particular, little is known about whether returns to physical attractiveness vary by race or significantly vary by race and gender combined. In this study, we use nationally representative data to examine whether (1) socially perceived physical attractiveness is unequally distributed across race/ethnicity and gender subgroups and (2) returns to physical attractiveness vary significantly across race/ethnicity and gender subgroups. Notably, the magnitude of the earnings disparities along the perceived attractiveness continuum, net of controls, rivals and/or exceeds in magnitude the black-white race gap and, among African-Americans, the black-white race gap and the gender gap in earnings. The implications of these findings for current and future research on the labor market and social inequality are discussed.