• DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0001548
• Corpus ID: 12343048

Baselines and Degradation of Coral Reefs in the Northern Line Islands

@article{Sandin2008BaselinesAD,
  title={Baselines and Degradation of Coral Reefs in the Northern Line Islands},
  author={Stuart A. Sandin and JENNIFER E. Smith and Edward E. DeMartini and Elizabeth A. Dinsdale and Simon D. Donner and Alan M. Friedlander and Talina Konotchick and Machel Malay and James E. Maragos and David O Obura and Olga Pantos and Gustav Paulay and Morgan Richie and Forest L Rohwer and Robert E. Schroeder and Sheila M. Walsh and Jeremy B. C. Jackson and Nancy Knowlton and Enric Sala},
  journal={PLoS ONE},
  year={2008},
  volume={3}
}

• S. Sandin, J. Smith, +16 authors E. Sala
• Published 27 February 2008
• Environmental Science
• PLoS ONE

Effective conservation requires rigorous baselines of pristine conditions to assess the impacts of human activities and to evaluate the efficacy of management. Most coral reefs are moderately to severely degraded by local human activities such as fishing and pollution as well as global change, hence it is difficult to separate local from global effects. To this end, we surveyed coral reefs on uninhabited atolls in the northern Line Islands to provide a baseline of reef community structure, and on increasingly populated atolls to document changes associated with human activities. We found that top predators and reef-building organisms dominated unpopulated Kingman and Palmyra, while small planktivorous fishes and fleshy algae dominated the populated atolls of Tabuaeran and Kiritimati. Sharks and other top predators overwhelmed the fish assemblages on Kingman and Palmyra so that the biomass pyramid was inverted (top-heavy). In contrast, the biomass pyramid at Tabuaeran and Kiritimati exhibited the typical bottom-heavy pattern. Reefs without people exhibited less coral disease and greater coral recruitment relative to more inhabited reefs. Thus, protection from overfishing and pollution appears to increase the resilience of reef ecosystems to the effects of global warming.