Barriers to the effective treatment of sepsis: antimicrobial agents, sepsis definitions, and host‐directed therapies

@article{Lyle2014BarriersTT,
  title={Barriers to the effective treatment of sepsis: antimicrobial agents, sepsis definitions, and host‐directed therapies},
  author={Ngan H. Lyle and Olga M. Pena and John H. Boyd and Robert E. W. Hancock},
  journal={Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
  year={2014},
  volume={1323}
}
Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome involving both infection and a deleterious host immune response. Antimicrobial agents are key elements of sepsis treatment, yet despite great strides in antimicrobial development in the last decades, sepsis continues to be associated with unacceptably high mortality (∼30%). This is the result, on one hand, of the rise of antimicrobial resistant organisms and, on the other hand, of the dearth of effective host‐directed immune therapies. A major obstacle to… 
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51 Citations
Background Citations
19
Methods Citations
1
Results Citations
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51 Citations

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
TLDR
Constant developments have been achieved in understanding the pathogenesis, and the treatment of sepsis has also clearly improved in the last four decades; however, no specific sepsi therapy exists.
The Role of IFN-β during the Course of Sepsis Progression and Its Therapeutic Potential
TLDR
A role for IFN-β is project in restoring monocyte function and reversing immunosuppression, and an additive immunomodulatory therapy is suggested, which mirrors the contrasting nature of the early hyperinflammatory state and the delayed immunOSuppression phase.
Management of severe sepsis: advances, challenges, and current status
TLDR
Research on biomarkers, use of mesenchymal stem cells, blood purification, immunoglobulins, and antioxidative treatments apropos the immune response may soon yield viable therapies.
Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression in Neonates
TLDR
A review will focus on exploring if key characteristics associated with SII in adults are observed in neonates with sepsis, including a prominent bias toward anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, diminished antigen presentation to T cells, and reduced activation and proliferation of T cells.
Introduction to Antimicrobial Therapeutics Reviews: Infectious Diseases of Current and Emerging Concern
  • K. Bush
  • Medicine, Biology
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
  • 2014
TLDR
This volume of reviews examines selected infectious diseases with origins in diverse geographical areas and the need for new approaches to treat resistant strains of the causative pathogens especially noted, and discusses sepsis, a clinical syndrome with high mortality and poor response to antibiotic therapy.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Therapy for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
TLDR
This article focuses on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which are available from several tissues and possess diverse mechanisms of action of relevance to sepsis and ARDS, including direct and indirect antibacterial actions, potent effects on the innate and adaptive response, and pro-reparative effects.
The recognition and management of sepsis and septic shock: a guide for non-intensivists
TLDR
The latest updates in sepsis care are discussed including the new consensus definition of sepsi, the outcome of the proCESS, ProMISe and ARISE trials of early goal directed therapy (EGDT), and the most recent guidelines from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
Infection-induced innate antimicrobial response disorders: from signaling pathways and their modulation to selected biomarkers
TLDR
In case of ICU septic patients with high-risk of mortality, the solution for the problem will require mainly early immune and genetic diagnostics (e.g. cytokines, microRNA, cluster of differentiation-64 [CD64], triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 [TREM-1], and high mobility group box 1 protein [HMGB1]).
What was old is new again: using the host response to diagnose infectious disease
TLDR
How ‘omics’ technologies improve sepsis diagnosis, early pathogen identification and personalize therapy is reviewed, focusing on both pathogen discovery and the host response.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell‐Based Approaches for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress and Sepsis Syndromes
TLDR
The challenges of modeling such heterogeneous and rapidly progressive disease states are considered and the lessons from previous studies of pharmacological treatments for sepsis syndrome and ARDS might be used to inform and refine the design of the next generation of MSC clinical trials.
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