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Critical period regulation across multiple timescales
- Biology, PsychologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- 2020
Here, recent progress in the biological basis of critical periods is considered as a unifying rubric for understanding plasticity across multiple timescales and the maturation of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons is pivotal.
Experience‐dependent transcriptional regulation in juvenile brain development
- BiologyDevelopment, growth & differentiation
- 2018
Understanding the unique behavior and function of Otx2 as a “messenger” of experience should provide insights into mechanisms of juvenile brain development, from the viewpoints of transcriptional and chromatin regulation.
Critical periods in amblyopia
- BiologyVisual Neuroscience
- 2018
Recent insights into the neurobiology of the initiation and termination of critical periods and how increasingly mechanistic understanding of these processes can be leveraged toward improved clinical treatment of adult amblyopia are discussed.
Brain structural and functional development: genetics and experience
- BiologyDevelopmental medicine and child neurology
- 2015
A better knowledge of how experience and environment engage endogenous plasticity factors could help to design interventions aimed at promoting recovery from neurodevelopmental defects, even after the end of critical periods.
Prolonged Period of Cortical Plasticity upon Redox Dysregulation in Fast-Spiking Interneurons
- Psychology, BiologyBiological Psychiatry
- 2015
Critical periods regulating the circuit integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons
- BiologyCell and Tissue Research
- 2017
Some of the most recent insights into this almost unique form of plasticity in the adult brain are reviewed, focusing on those critical periods marked by pronounced changes in structure and function of the new granule neurons and discuss how the activity of putative synaptic partners may contribute to shape the circuit module in which new neurons become finally integrated.
Neuregulin-Dependent Regulation of Fast-Spiking Interneuron Excitability Controls the Timing of the Critical Period
- BiologyThe Journal of Neuroscience
- 2016
The strength of excitation onto FS INs is a key determinant of critical period plasticity and is maintained at high levels by NRG–erbB4 signaling to constrain plasticity in adulthood, in contrast to prevailing views of the termination of the critical period.
Experience during adolescence shapes brain development: From synapses and networks to normal and pathological behavior.
- Psychology, BiologyNeurotoxicology and teratology
- 2019
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This review summarizes the current understanding of known critical periods across several systems and species and delineates a number of emerging principles: functional competition between inputs, role for electrical activity, structural consolidation, regulation by experience, special role for inhibition in the CNS, potent influence of attention and motivation, unique timing and duration.
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It is shown that by transplanting embryonic precursors of inhibitory neurons into mice, a period of ocular dominance plasticity can be induced after the end of the normal critical period, suggesting that inhibitory neuron transplantation has therapeutic potential for brain repair and for treating neurological disorders and inducing periods of brain plasticity.
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It is shown that the potential for plasticity is retained throughout life until an inhibitory threshold is attained, and a threshold level of inhibition within the visual cortex may trigger, once in life, an experience-dependent critical period for circuit consolidation, which may otherwise lie dormant.
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The reactivation of this process, and subsequent recovery of function in conditions such as amblyopia, can now be studied with realistic circuit models that might generalize across systems.
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It is shown that plasticity in the visual cortex is present well before, and long after, the peak of the critical period and described the established mechanisms and point out where more experimental work is needed.