Bacterial endosymbionts of Onchocerca volvulus in the pathogenesis of posttreatment reactions.

@article{Keiser2002BacterialEO,
  title={Bacterial endosymbionts of Onchocerca volvulus in the pathogenesis of posttreatment reactions.},
  author={Paul B. Keiser and Stacey M Reynolds and Kwablah Awadzi and Eric A. Ottesen and Mark J. Taylor and Thomas B. Nutman},
  journal={The Journal of infectious diseases},
  year={2002},
  volume={185 6},
  pages={
          805-11
        }
}
Treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin is associated with a posttreatment reaction characterized by fever, tachycardia, hypotension, lymphadenopathy, and pruritus. To investigate the role of the Wolbachia bacterial endosymbiont of Onchocerca volvulus in these reactions, serum samples collected before and after treatment with either anthelmintic were assessed for evidence of Wolbachia DNA. By use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Wolbachia DNA… 
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Science, medicine, and the future: Onchocerciasis
TLDR
Anti-Wolbachia chemotherapy with doxycycline for six weeks could be used to treat infected individuals and holds promise for new developments based on registered antibiotics that are affordable in resource poor settings, as extensive registration processes are not needed.
Wolbachia endosymbiont of Onchocerca volvulus: driver of immunopathology and target for therapy
TLDR
A significant reduction in microfilaridermia prevalence and loads four years after doxycycline MDA distribution is found, demonstrating its long-term effectiveness and supporting its implementation in existing control strategies.
Evidence against Wolbachia symbiosis in Loa loa
TLDR
DNA analysis and immunohistology provided no evidence for Wolbachia symbiosis in L. loa, and previous studies by electron microscopy and PCR have failed to detect intracellular bacterial infection in Loa loa.
Onchocerciasis: the Role of Wolbachia Bacterial Endosymbionts in Parasite Biology, Disease Pathogenesis, and Treatment
TLDR
The experimental and field trial data which have uncovered the importance of Wolbachia symbiosis in onchocerciasis are summarized.
Wolbachia endosymbiont levels in severe and mild strains of Onchocerca volvulus.
Wolbachia in the Inflammatory Pathogenesis of Human Filariasis
TLDR
The development of acute and severe inflammatory responses in people infected with Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus is associated with the release of Wolbachia into the blood following death or damage of the worms after anti‐filarial chemotherapy, and together these studies suggest that WolbachIA are the principal cause of acute inflammatory filarial disease.
Is Wolbachia complicating the pathological effects of Dirofilaria immitis infections?
Onchocerca parasites and Wolbachia endosymbionts: evaluation of a spectrum of antibiotic types for activity against Onchocerca gutturosa in vitro
TLDR
Antibiotics with known anti-Wolbachia activity were efficacious in this system and showed that Wolbachia made a significant contribution to the metabolic activity within the cells, which could be reduced when they were exposed to tetracycline.
Obligatory symbiotic Wolbachia endobacteria are absent from Loa loa
TLDR
Doxycycline cannot be used to cure loiais but it probably does not represent a risk for L. loa patients when administered to patients with co-infections of onchocerciasis.
Implication of diethylcarbamazine induced morbidity and the role of cellular responses associated with bancroftian filariasis pathologies.
TLDR
Findings do not support the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory cytokines are directly responsible for adverse events to DEC chemotherapy in bancroftian filariasis infections and pathologies such as hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis.
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