Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations?
@article{Wittenberg2009AreHR, title={Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations?}, author={Andrew T. Wittenberg}, journal={Geophysical Research Letters}, year={2009}, volume={36} }
A control simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 global coupled GCM, run for 2000 years with its atmospheric composition, solar irradiance, and land cover held fixed at 1860 values, exhibits strong interdecadal and intercentennial modulation of its ENSO behavior. To the extent that such modulation is realistic, it could attach large uncertainties to ENSO metrics diagnosed from centennial and shorter records – with important implications for historical and paleo records, climate projections, and model…
452 Citations
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- Environmental Science, Geography
- 2015
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- Environmental Science
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- Environmental Science
- 2018
The Earth has seen El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—the leading mode of interannual climate variability—for at least millennia and likely over millions of years. This paper reviews previous…
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- Environmental ScienceScientific Reports
- 2017
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- Environmental Science
- 2021
Understanding Multidecadal Variability in ENSO Amplitude
- Environmental Science
- 2013
AbstractSea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific vary as a result of the coupling between ocean and atmosphere driven largely by El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO amplitude is…
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- Environmental ScienceNature
- 2014
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ENSO Change in Climate Projections: Forced Response or Internal Variability?
- Environmental ScienceGeophysical Research Letters
- 2018
Two large ensembles are used to quantify the extent to which internal variability can contribute to long‐term changes in El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) characteristics. We diagnose changes that…
Significant changes to ENSO strength and impacts in the twenty‐first century: Results from CMIP5
- Environmental Science
- 2012
Changes to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its atmospheric teleconnections under climate change are investigated using simulations conducted for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project…
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- Environmental Science
- 2013
One of the key performance measures for Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) is their ability to realistically simulate the prominent modes of climate variability. Here, we investigate the…
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