Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites

@article{Diao2017ApproachesCA,
  title={Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites},
  author={Xingxing Diao and Marilyn A. Huestis},
  journal={Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
  year={2017},
  volume={101}
}
  • X. Diao, M. Huestis
  • Published 1 February 2017
  • Medicine, Biology
  • Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
We review approaches for determining metabolism of new synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), and challenges and advances in identifying optimal urinary marker metabolites of SC intake. Metabolic patterns of different SC generations are evaluated, and a practical strategy offered for selecting SC urinary marker metabolites. Novel SCs are incubated with human hepatocytes, the most abundant and characteristic metabolites are identified with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and proposed hepatocyte marker… 
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Metabolism of the new synthetic cannabinoid EG-018 in human hepatocytes by high-resolution mass spectrometry
TLDR
The primary metabolites of EG-018 in human hepatocyte incubation were pentyl hydroxylated EG-18 (M6) and pentyl carbonylated EG-2018 (M8) and these two metabolites are proposed as the best urinary markers for confirming EG-019 intake.
New Synthetic Cannabinoids Metabolism and Strategies to Best Identify Optimal Marker Metabolites
TLDR
Current SC prevalence is reviewed, the necessity for SC metabolism investigation is established and the advantages and disadvantages of multiple metabolic approaches are compared, and a practical strategy to select optimal urinary marker metabolites for SCs is devised.
In vitro metabolism of new synthetic cannabinoid SDB-006 in human hepatocytes by high-resolution mass spectrometry
TLDR
The present study aims to recommend appropriate marker metabolites for documenting SDB-006 consumption by investigating its metabolism in human hepatocytes, and proposes 4′-keto-SDB-007 (M19) and pentyl-OH-SD B-006 (M15) as optimal marker metabolites.
Phase I-metabolism studies of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1 and PX-2 using three different in vitro models
TLDR
PX-1 and PX-2 in vitro metabolites were revealed comprehensively by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry measurements and it is shown that all three in vitro assays are suitable for predicting metabolic pathways of synthetic cannabinoids.
In vivo and in vitro metabolism of the novel synthetic cannabinoid 5F-APINAC
TLDR
The discovered metabolites are proposed to be incorporated into routine screening analytical methods as the urine markers of 5F-APINAC consumption, and the predominant metabolic reaction was ester hydrolysis in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Synthetic cannabinoid BB‐22 (QUCHIC): Human hepatocytes metabolism with liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry detection
Identification of New Synthetic Cannabinoid ADB-CHMINACA (MAB-CHMINACA) Metabolites in Human Hepatocytes
TLDR
Ten major metabolites of ADB-CHMINACA, a new synthetic cannabinoid with high potency and many reported adverse events and fatalities, are detected in hepatocyte incubations to identify its major metabolites and guide analytical standard manufacturers to better provide suitable references for further studies.
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and their human metabolites in sewage water: Stability assessment and identification of transformation products.
TLDR
The majority of investigated SCRAs, excluding the selected human metabolites, was recalcitrant to microbial degradation in sewage systems over a period of 29 days, and among the ten newly identified TPs three could be considered as relevant markers and should be included into future WBE studies to gain further insight into use and prevalence ofSCRAs on the drug market.
In vitro metabolic profiles of adamantyl positional isomers of synthetic cannabinoids
TLDR
The metabolism of ATHs is characterized for the first time and discriminated between the two isomers by mass spectrometric analysis of either the parent compounds or their major metabolites, demonstrating a useful method for distinguishing between AD isomers.
Comprehensive investigation on synthetic cannabinoids: metabolic behaviour and potency testing, using 5F-APP-PICA and AMB-FUBINACA as model compounds.
TLDR
A workflow for the comprehensive study of SC consumption is proposed and applied to 5F-APP-PICA and AMB-FUBINACA, based not only on the elucidation of their metabolites but also including functional data by the use of the NanoLuc approach, previously published.
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