• DOI:10.1177/1524839905278900
• Corpus ID: 8922808

Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Exercise: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

@article{Spencer2006ApplyingTT,
  title={Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Exercise: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of the Literature},
  author={Leslie S. Spencer and Troy B. Adams and Sarah Malone and Lindsey Roy and Elizabeth B. Yost},
  journal={Health Promotion Practice},
  year={2006},
  volume={7},
  pages={428 - 443}
}

• L. Spencer, T. Adams, +2 authors E. Yost
• Published 1 October 2006
• Psychology
• Health Promotion Practice

Three questions guided a literature review of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as applied to exercise to address the evidence for stage-matched interventions, the description of priority populations, and the identification of valid TTM measurement tools. One-hundredand-fifty studies were reviewed. Results indicate preliminary support for the use of stage-matched exercise interventions. Most studies have focused on White, middle-class, female populations, limiting the generalizability of their findings. Valid and reliable measures exist for stage of change, decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, and temptations to not exercise; however, more research is needed to refine these measures. Evidence for the construct validity of the TTM as applied to exercise is mixed. When designing and implementing TTM-based exercise interventions, practitioners and policy makers are encouraged to clearly define the term exercise, choose a valid and reliable staging tool, and employ all TTM constructs and not just stage membership.