Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia

@article{Harvati2019ApidimaCF,
  title={Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia},
  author={Katerina Harvati and Carolin R{\"o}ding and Abel Marinus Bosman and Fotios Alexandros Karakostis and Rainer Gr{\"u}n and Chris B Stringer and Panagiotis Karkanas and Nicholas Thompson and Vassilis Koutoulidis and Lia Angela Moulopoulos and Vassilis G. Gorgoulis and Mirsini Kouloukoussa},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2019},
  pages={1-5}
}
Two fossilized human crania (Apidima 1 and Apidima 2) from Apidima Cave, southern Greece, were discovered in the late 1970s but have remained enigmatic owing to their incomplete nature, taphonomic distortion and lack of archaeological context and chronology. Here we virtually reconstruct both crania, provide detailed comparative descriptions and analyses, and date them using U-series radiometric methods. Apidima 2 dates to more than 170 thousand years ago and has a Neanderthal-like… Expand
View on Springer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
78 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
10

78 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Postcranial hominin remains from the Late Pleistocene of Pešturina Cave (Serbia)
Abstract The Central Balkans represents a significant geographical gap in the human fossil record of Eurasia. Here we present two new human fossils from Pesturina Cave, Serbia: a partial atlas… Expand
An assessment of the late Middle Pleistocene occipital from Apidima 1 skull (Greece)
Abstract Recent papers have sparked an ongoing debate on the taxonomic adscription of the late Middle Pleistocene fossil skulls from Apidima (Greece). There is general agreement that the more… Expand
Late Pleistocene to Holocene human palaeoecology in the tropical environments of coastal eastern Africa
Abstract The ecological adaptations that stimulated the dispersal and technological strategies of our species during the Late Pleistocene remain hotly disputed, with some influential theories… Expand
Nubian Levallois technology associated with southernmost Neanderthals
TLDR
This work presents new quantitative analyses of a hominin lower first molar and associated stone tool assemblage from Shukbah Cave, located in the Palestinian West Bank, presenting the first direct association between Neanderthals and Nubian Levallois technology. Expand
The morphology of the Late Pleistocene hominin remains from the site of La Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey (Channel Islands).
TLDR
An updated description of the morphology of this material is provided and its likely taxonomic assignment from comparison with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens samples is considered, and one of the original teeth has been lost, and it is identified as nonhominin. Expand
Crown outline analysis of the hominin upper third molar from the Megalopolis Basin, Peloponnese, Greece
The left upper third molar from the Megalopolis Basin is enigmatic due to its problematic preservation and context. The Megalopolis molar is the only possible human fossil known to date from the… Expand
Using paleosols to reconstruct past environments before, during and after periods of Anatomically Human Migration at Gona, Ethiopia
Environmental change is thought to have driven dispersals of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) out of Africa, yet the precise landscape context of these migrations remains unclear. Furthermore,… Expand
The reversal of human phylogeny: Homo left Africa as erectus, came back as sapiens sapiens
TLDR
The present study showed that Eurasia was not the receiver but the donor in Hss evolution, and the findings that Homo left Africa as erectus and returned as sapiens sapiens constitute a change in the understanding of Hs evolution to one that conforms to the extensive Eurasian record of Hss palaeontology and archaeology. Expand
Before the massive modern human dispersal into Eurasia: A 55,000-year-old partial cranium from Manot Cave, Israel
Abstract Genetic and archaeological models predict that African modern humans successfully colonized Eurasia between 60,000 and 40,000 years before present (ka), replacing all other forms of… Expand
New discovery of Late Pleistocene modern human teeth from Chongzuo, Guangxi, southern China
Abstract An increasing number of multidisciplinary field and laboratory projects focused on paleoanthropological sites from different areas of Asia are resulting in the discovery of many important… Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 48 REFERENCES
New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens
TLDR
A mosaic of features including facial, mandibular and dental morphology that aligns the Jebel Irhoud material with early or recent anatomically modern humans and more primitive neurocranial and endocranial morphology shows that the evolutionary processes behind the emergence of H. sapiens involved the whole African continent. Expand
Cioclovina (Romania): affinities of an early modern European.
TLDR
Results show Cioclovina to be entirely modern in its cranial shape, and do not support the hypothesis that it represents a hybrid, but establish its phenetic affinities and evaluate its morphology for evidence of admixture between Neanderthals and early modern Europeans. Expand
U-series dating and classification of the Apidima 2 hominin from Mani Peninsula, Southern Greece.
TLDR
The dating of the fossil at a minimum age of 160,000 years shows that most of the Neanderthal traits were already present in the MIS 6 and perhaps earlier, and makes Apidima 2 the earliest known fossil with a clear Neanderthal facial morphology. Expand
Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos
TLDR
The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution. Expand
The origin of Neandertals
  • J. Hublin
  • Biology, Medicine
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 2009
TLDR
The term “Homo rhodesiensis” is proposed to be used to designate the large-brained hominins ancestral to H. sapiens in Africa and at the root of the Neandertals in Europe, and the term ‘Homo neanderthalensis’ to designate all of the specimens carrying derived metrical or non-metrical features used in the definition of the LP NeandERTals. Expand
New Neanderthal remains from Mani peninsula, Southern Greece: the Kalamakia Middle Paleolithic cave site.
TLDR
The Kalamakia human remains add to the growing evidence of a strong Neanderthal presence in the Mani region during the Late Pleistocene, and significantly expand the Neanderthal sample known from Greece. Expand
The origin and evolution of Homo sapiens
  • C. Stringer
  • Biology, Medicine
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
  • 2016
TLDR
It is argued that human fossils such as those from Jebel Irhoud, Florisbad, Eliye Springs and Omo Kibish 2 do represent early members of the species, but variation across the African later middle Pleistocene/early Middle Stone Age fossils shows that there was not a simple linear progression towards later sapiens morphology, and there was chronological overlap between different ‘archaic’ and ‘modern’ morphs. Expand
When did modern humans leave Africa?
TLDR
Fossil evidence from Misliya Cave, Israel, is provided suggesting that H. sapiens had already left Africa by ∼180,000 years ago, suggesting early forays of Homo sapiens into western Asia. Expand
Revising the hypodigm of Homo heidelbergensis: A view from the Eastern Mediterranean
Abstract The hominin mandible BH-1 from the Middle Pleistocene cave of Mala Balanica suggested the possibility that human populations in this part of the continent were not subject to the process of… Expand
Evolution of middle-late Pleistocene human cranio-facial form: a 3-D approach.
TLDR
Although the analysis showed a clear separation between Neanderthals and early/recent modern humans and morphological proximity between European specimens from OIS 7 to 3, it also shows that the European hominins from the first half of the middle Pleistocene still shared most of their cranio-facial architecture with their African contemporaries. Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...