Antiviral NK cell responses in HIV infection: I. NK cell receptor genes as determinants of HIV resistance and progression to AIDS

@article{Iannello2008AntiviralNC,
  title={Antiviral NK cell responses in HIV infection: I. NK cell receptor genes as determinants of HIV resistance and progression to AIDS},
  author={Alexandre Iannello and Olfa D{\'e}bbeche and Suzanne Samarani and Ali Ahmad},
  journal={Journal of Leukocyte Biology},
  year={2008},
  volume={84}
}
NK cells play an important role in controlling viral infections. They can kill virus‐infected cells directly as well as indirectly via antibody‐dependent, cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. They need no prior sensitization and expansion for this killing. NK cells are also considered as important regulators of antiviral immune responses. They do so by secreting a multitude of soluble mediators and by directly interacting with other immune cells, e.g., dendritic cells. NK cells do not possess a single… 
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It is possible that an adequate NK cell response may control HCV infection, even in the absence of virus-specific immune responses, and is shown in animal models that depletion of NK cells before hepatotropic viral infection leads to inhibition of a virusspecific T cell response.
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TLR/NCR/KIR: Which One to Use and When?
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This review will discuss on how the various types of receptors can be used to address specific functions in different immunological contexts.
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TLDR
HIV controllers show an increased activating receptors expression and higher number ofCD56+/CD16-NK cell subset, with increased expression levels of plasma cytokines, suggesting that higher immune activation in controllers may have a key role in killing and suppressing HIV.
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The expression of NKRs on T cells may be correlated with HIV disease progression and HAART treatment reversed the changes in NKR expression caused by HIV infection.
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