Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids

@article{Orlando2008AncientDC,
  title={Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids},
  author={Ludovic Orlando and Dean Male and Mar{\'i}a Teresa Alberdi and Jos{\'e} L Prado and Alfredo Prieto and Alan Cooper and Catherine H{\"a}nni},
  journal={Journal of Molecular Evolution},
  year={2008},
  volume={66},
  pages={533-538}
}
Hippidions are past members of the equid lineage which appeared in the South American fossil record around 2.5 Ma but then became extinct during the great late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction. According to fossil records and numerous dental, cranial, and postcranial characters, Hippidion and Equus lineages were expected to cluster in two distinct phylogenetic groups that diverged at least 10 MY, long before the emergence of the first Equus. However, the first DNA sequence information… Expand
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TLDR
The dataset reveals that the two morphospecies sequenced formed a monophyletic clade, basal to extant and extinct Equus lineages, which supports Hippidion as a distinct genus, in agreement with palaeontological models. Expand
REVISITING THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF FOSSIL HORSES FROM SOUTH AMERICA
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A phylogeographic study of bone remains of wild asses covering their former geographic range over the past 100,000 years based on the analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA results indicate that morphological criteria alone can be an unreliable index in inferring various equid species. Expand
A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America
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The palaeogenomic and morphometric analyses support the idea that there was only a single species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and a new genus, Haringtonhippus, is proposed for the sole species H. francisci. Expand
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The palaeogenomic and morphometric analyses support the idea that there was only a single species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown group Equus, and a new genus, Haringtonhippus, is proposed for the sole species. Expand
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Rostral Reconstruction of South American Hippidiform Equids: New Anatomical and Ecomorphological Inferences
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An anatomical reconstruction of the muzzle of hippidiforms based on homologous patterns in the extant horse Equus caballus is presented, together with a morphofunctional analysis of their rostra and a comparative analysis of premaxillary shape. Expand
Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont Doedicurus sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
TLDR
The osteological novelties of glyptodonts and their specialization for grazing appear to have evolved rapidly during the Late Eocene to Early Miocene, coincident with global temperature decreases and a shift from wet closed forest towards drier open woodland and grassland across much of South America. Expand
Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla
TLDR
An important implication of this study is that Equus asinus, the African wild ass was found to be the sister taxon of Asiatic asses and zebras, diverging from the common ancestor with caballine horses 2 Mya. Expand
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TLDR
The results need a more exhaustive review and new analyses to be done because the material used in the study belongs to the genus Hippidion and not to the subgenus Equus (Amerhippus), Orlando et al. 2003 conclude. Expand
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