An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans.

@article{Wilson1998AnIB,
  title={An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans.},
  author={C R Wilson and Shalini Manchanda and David C. Crabtree and James B. Skatrud and Jerome A Dempsey},
  journal={Journal of applied physiology},
  year={1998},
  volume={84 1},
  pages={
          269-76
        }
}
Sleep apnea is associated with episodic increases in systemic blood pressure. We investigated whether transient increases in arterial pressure altered upper airway resistance and/or breathing pattern in nine sleeping humans (snorers and nonsnorers). A pressure-tipped catheter was placed below the base of the tongue, and flow was measured from a nose or face mask. During non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, we injected 40- to 200-microgram i.v. boluses of phenylephrine. Parasympathetic blockade was… 
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Methods Citations
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Citation Type

Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activation in humans
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In the absence of any effect of increased central respiratory motor output per se on limb MSNA, the time‐dependent increase in MSNA was attributed to a reflex arising from a diaphragm that was accumulating metabolic end products in the face of high force output plus compromised blood flow.
Association between blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive treatment and sleep apnea activity.
Threshold effects of respiratory muscle work on limb vascular resistance.
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Voluntary increases in inspiratory muscle effort, in the absence of fatigue, had no effect on limb vascular resistance and Q(L), whereas fatiguing the diaphragm elicited time-dependent increases in LVR and decreases inQ(L).
Role of respiratory motor output in within-breath modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans.
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The data provide evidence against a significant effect of respiratory motor output on the within-breath modulation of MSNA and suggest that feedback from baroreceptors and pulmonary stretch receptors are the dominant determinants of the respiratory modulation ofMSNA in the intact human.
The interaction between respiratory and autonomic function during sleep-related changes in pharyngeal airway patency
Pathophysiology of sleep apnea.
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This work reviews three types of major long-term sequelae to severe OSA and discusses future research into understanding the pathophysiology of sleep apnea as a basis for uncovering newer forms of treatment of both the ventilatory disorder and its multiple sequelae.
Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex reduction in resting leg blood flow in humans
TLDR
It is shown that fatigue of the inspiratory muscles via voluntary efforts caused a time‐dependent increase in limb muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and reduction in limb blood flow also accompany inspiratory muscle fatigue, and diaphragm and forearm muscle fatigue showed very similar time‐ dependent effects on LVR and Q̇L.
Bidirectional relationship of hypertension with obstructive sleep apnea
TLDR
Intensive BP and volume overload control may be a promising approach to treat OSA and future studies examining the hormonal mechanisms and comparing the effect of different antihypertensive medications are needed.
Central sleep apnea.
TLDR
The mechanisms of central sleep apnea have been best studied in congestive heart failure and hypoxic conditions when there is increased CO2 sensitivity below eupnea resulting in lowering eupneic PCO2 below apneic threshold causing cessation of breathing until thePCO2 rises above the apnei threshold when breathing resumes.
Medullary raphe neurones and baroreceptor modulation of the respiratory motor pattern in the cat
TLDR
The results support the hypothesis that raphe neuronal assemblies transform and transmit information from baroreceptors to neurones in the ventral respiratory group and match predictions from simulations of the respiratory network.
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