Amygdala hyperreactivity in borderline personality disorder: implications for emotional dysregulation

@article{Donegan2003AmygdalaHI,
  title={Amygdala hyperreactivity in borderline personality disorder: implications for emotional dysregulation},
  author={Nelson H. Donegan and Charles A. Sanislow and Hilary P. Blumberg and Robert K. Fulbright and Cheryl Lacadie and Pawel Skudlarski and John C. Gore and Ingrid R. Olson and Thomas H. McGlashan and Bruce E. Wexler},
  journal={Biological Psychiatry},
  year={2003},
  volume={54},
  pages={1284-1293}
}
BACKGROUND Disturbed interpersonal relations and emotional dysregulation are fundamental aspects of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The amygdala plays important roles in modulating vigilance and generating negative emotional states and is often abnormally reactive in disorders of mood and emotion. The aim of this study was to assess amygdala reactivity in BPD patients relative to normal control subjects. We hypothesized that amygdala hyperreactivity contributes to hypervigilance… 
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The finding of a mismatch between physiological and self-report measures of emotion reactivity in BPD patients suggests they may benefit from treatments targeting emotion recognition.
Elevated Preattentive Affective Processing in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary fMRI Study
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Findings suggest that in addition to the previously documented heightened responses to overt displays of emotion, individuals with BPD also demonstrate differential responses to positive and negative emotions, early in the processing stream, even before conscious awareness.
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It is suggested that an amygdala hyper-responsiveness to negative stimuli may serve as a crucial aetiological contributor to emotion-induced cognitive dysfunction in BPD.
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Background Emotion dysregulation, characterized by heightened emotional arousal and increased emotional sensitivity, is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although current…
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These results provide further evidence for a dysfunctional network of brain areas in BPD, including the ACC and frontal brain regions, which are crucial for the regulation of stress and emotions, the core problems of BPD patients.
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The results suggest that BPD subjects may show abnormal evoked oxy-Hb in medial PFC during transient sadness, with recruitment of right lateral PFC in BPD associated with reported difficulty in suppressing emotion.
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TLDR
A significant reduction in amygdala habituation to repeated negative stimuli in BPD is confirmed and this neural phenotype is linked to early adversity, a well-established social environmental risk factor for emotion dysregulation and psychiatric illness.
Neural Correlates of Disturbed Emotion Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multimodal Meta-Analysis
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Results strengthen the assumption that dysfunctional dorsolateral prefrontal and limbic brain regions are a hallmark feature of BPD and therefore are consistent with the conceptualization of B PD as an emotion dysregulation disorder.
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It is suggested that in BPD patients the ACC might mediate compensatory cognitive processes during emotional interference and that such neurocognitive compensation that can be adversely affected by high levels of anxiety.
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