Amphiregulin, a TH2 Cytokine Enhancing Resistance to Nematodes

@article{Zaiss2006AmphiregulinAT,
  title={Amphiregulin, a TH2 Cytokine Enhancing Resistance to Nematodes},
  author={Dietmar M. W. Zaiss and Li V. Yang and Pranav R. Shah and James J. Kobie and Joseph F. Urban and Tim R. Mosmann},
  journal={Science},
  year={2006},
  volume={314},
  pages={1746 - 1746}
}
Although type 2 immune responses contribute to allergy and asthma, these responses are essential for clearing intestinal helminth infestations by mechanisms that include increased epithelial shedding. We show that T helper 2 cells (TH2), but not other T cell subsets, express amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. EGF receptor ligands directly induce epithelial cell proliferation, and lack of amphiregulin delayed expulsion of the nematode Trichuris muris. This newly… 
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168 Citations

Host responses to intestinal nematodes
TLDR
Intestinal nematode infection induces the development of Th2-type immune responses including the B-cell IgE response, which contribute to expel nematodes and Immunosuppression by parasite infection may ultimately be beneficial for the host animals.
Type 2 Cytokine Responses: Regulating Immunity to Helminth Parasites and Allergic Inflammation
TLDR
Increased understanding of the pathways that regulate type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation have revealed novel therapeutic targets to treat both helminth infections and allergic disease states.
Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Diseases
TLDR
The growing evidences of the contribution of ILC2 in the induction and maintenance of allergic inflammation in type 2-dominated diseases suggest the possibility to target them in therapy.
Emerging functions of amphiregulin in orchestrating immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair.
Helminth Modulation of Lung Inflammation.
Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth-Microbiota-Immune System Interactions.
Th2 Cell Responses in Immunity and Inflammation Following Helminth Infection
TLDR
Type 2 immunity, in which innate cells such as basophils, eosinophil, mast cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells are engaged, and adaptive immune responses that include T helper 2 (Th2) cells, T follicular helper (Tfh), and B cells are essential for resistance to, or survival with, helminth infections.
Immunity to helminths: resistance, regulation, and susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes.
TLDR
Greater understanding of the mechanisms of susceptibility has provided the basis for defining host immunoregulation and parasite-evasion strategies, helping place in context the changing patterns of immunological disease observed worldwide.
T H 2, allergy and group 2 innate lymphoid
TLDR
Identification of a new innate lymphoid subset that produces the canonical type 2 cytokines IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 andIL-33 and examination of potential roles for ILC2 cells in the maintenance of homeostasis promise to be particularly fruitful.
ILC2s—Trailblazers in the Host Response Against Intestinal Helminths
TLDR
The latest insights into ILC2 activation are outlined and the requirement for—or redundancy of—ILC2s in providing protective immunity against intestinal helminth parasites is discussed.
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Materials and Methods are available on Science Online
    Public Health Service grants AI48604 and DFG/ZA280. We thank D. Lee for providing the original amphiregulin-deficient mice