Alzheimers Disease: The Novel Finding of Intracellular Biofilms

@article{Allen2017AlzheimersDT,
  title={Alzheimers Disease: The Novel Finding of Intracellular Biofilms},
  author={Herbert B. Allen and Rina Allawh and Andrew Touati and Christos D. Katsetos and Suresh G. Joshi},
  journal={Journal of neuroinfectious diseases},
  year={2017},
  volume={2017}
}
We previously have found biofilms in the hippocampi of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) post mortem brain specimens. We had seen them in an extracellular location and noted them to be present in the areas of pathological plaque formation. Other investigators have found the presence of spirochetes (Lyme and dental) in affected (AD) brains, and these have been correlated with Treponema pallidum. In a recent historical comparison of the pathology of syphilis, the histological findings of syphilis and AD… 
View via Publisher
11 Citations
Background Citations
6

Figures from this paper

11 Citations

Alzheimer’s Disease:Intracellular Beta Amyloid Completes the Irreversible Pathway from Spirochetes to Biofilms to Beta Amyloid to Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein

This histopathological study has identified beta amyloid (Aβ) intracellularly in hippocampal specimens of Alzheimer’s disease patients, and it is believed this finding helps confirm the in vitro observations.

An Association of Pathogens and Biofilms with Alzheimer’s Disease

The evidence as to whether pathogens could be the cause of AD and its pathology is examined and novel speculations that treponemes may be able to induce or correlate with Alzheimer's disease are offered.

The Impact of Biofilms in Alzheimer’s disease compared to Other Diseases in Which They Play a Role

The findings related to biofilms in Alzheimer’s disease are presented and they are compared to known findingsrelated to bio Films in other chronic diseases.

A Novel Approach to the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on the Pathology and Microbiology

  • H. Allen
  • Biology, Medicine
    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
  • 2021
It is very likely possible that AD could be prevented by periodic administration of penicillin (PCN), which would kill the spirochetes before they made biofilms, and it may be possible to slow or prevent further decline in early AD by administration of PCN together with a biofilm disperser.

Virally-Induced, Intracellular Biofilms; Novel Findings in Molluscum Contagiosum

Histopathology of skin lesions revealed positive periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and positive Congo red and crystal violet stains within MC lesions, strong support for the hypothesis that the virus “hi-jacks” the cell’s DNA and makes “intra”cellular biofilms.

The pathway to Alzheimer′s disease

A pathway to Alzheimer’s disease is postulate that begins with microbial pathogens, spirochetes, that make biofilms which upregulate the innate immune system and creates Aβ which stimulates the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Possible Mechanisms for Worsening of the Disease

It is shown how diabetes and its inherent hyperosmolality causes worsening of AD because the microbes make more biofilms in the presence of the hyperosmolar stress.

Psoriasis, chronic tonsillitis, and biofilms: Tonsillar pathologic findings supporting a microbial hypothesis.

Whereas psoriasis has been considered a "double hit" phenomenon, it is believed that the development of skin lesions is likely attributable to the presence of the gene PSORS together with the biofilm in Psoriasis patients rather than to the bio Film itself.

The importance of intracellular bacterial biofilm in infectious diseases.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Future Efforts to Thwart Memory Loss

  • H. Allen
  • Medicine
    Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
  • 2019
It has been shown recently that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic infectious disease with the causative microbe being

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 24 REFERENCES

Alzheimer's disease: a novel hypothesis for the development and the subsequent role of beta amyloid

It is hypothesize herein how the development of that molecule occurs as a result of the Toll-like receptor 2 activation leading not only to TNFα, but also NFκB which themselves have been previously shown to induce the secretases necessary to cleave the amyloid precursor protein.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Assessing the Role of Spirochetes, Biofilms, the Immune System, and Amyloid-β with Regard to Potential Treatment and Prevention

  • H. Allen
  • Biology
    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
  • 2016
Treatment with penicillin (as in tertiary syphilis, the comparator to AD) is outlined; a biofilm dispersing agent may need to be added to the protocol.

Historic evidence to support a causal relationship between spirochetal infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Chronic spirochetal infections can cause dementia and reproduce the defining hallmarks of AD, and it is concluded that Prompt action is needed as AD might be prevented.

Bacterial Amyloid and DNA are Important Constituents of Senile Plaques: Further Evidence of the Spirochetal and Biofilm Nature of Senile Plaques

  • J. Miklossy
  • Biology
    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
  • 2016
Previous observations that AβPP and/or an Aβ PP-like amyloidogenic protein are an integral part of spirochetes are validated, and indicate that bacterial and host derived Aβ are both constituents of senile plaques are indicated.

Alzheimer's disease - a neurospirochetosis. Analysis of the evidence following Koch's and Hill's criteria

  • J. Miklossy
  • Medicine, Biology
    Journal of Neuroinflammation
  • 2011
A probable causal relationship between neurospirochetosis and AD is shown and adequate antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapies are available, as in syphilis, one might prevent and eradicate dementia.

Penicillin: The Old/New Wonder Drug

It is shown that biofilm-forming staphylococci are integral to the etiology of atopic dermatitis and appears to be a better treatment in AD because all the organisms are multi-drug resistant and 60% are MRSA or MSRE.

Alzheimer's disease and peripheral infections: the possible contribution from periodontal infections, model and hypothesis.

The pathogenesis of periodontitis and the mechanisms by which periodontal infections may affect the onset and progression of AD are reviewed and possible mechanistic links betweenperiodontitis related inflammation and AD are presented.

Concurrent Neocortical Borreliosis and Alzheimer's Disease

A cystic form of the Borrelia spirochete would explain the ability of the microbe to persist in the host during a prolonged period of asymptomatic clinical latency, which spans the period between primary infection and the expression of tertiary manifestations of neuroborreliosis.

Biofilm, pathogenesis and prevention—a journey to break the wall: a review

The aim of this review was to discuss about the basic formation of a biofilm, various signalling cascades involved in biofilm formation, possible mechanisms of drug resistance in bioFilms and recent therapeutic approaches involved in successful eradication of biofilms.

Concurrent neocortical borreliosis and Alzheimer's disease.