Aging Blow Fly Eggs Using Gene Expression: A Feasibility Study

@article{Tarone2007AgingBF,
  title={Aging Blow Fly Eggs Using Gene Expression: A Feasibility Study},
  author={Aaron M. Tarone and Kimberley C. Jennings and David R. Foran},
  journal={Journal of Forensic Sciences},
  year={2007},
  volume={52}
}
Abstract:  Forensic entomology can aid death investigations by using predictable developmental changes to estimate the ages of flies associated with a body. In developmental stages that do not increase in size however, including the egg and pupa, it can be difficult to objectively refine an age estimate beyond the limits of the stage duration. Gene transcript levels, changing throughout development, represent a potential data source useful for objectively identify smaller units of developmental… 
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65 Citations
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Background Citations
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65 Citations

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Gene Expression During Blow Fly Development: Improving the Precision of Age Estimates in Forensic Entomology *,†
TLDR
Generalized additive models of development showed improved statistical support compared to models that did not include gene expression data, resulting in an increase in estimate precision, especially for postfeeding third instars and pupae.
The analysis of temporal gene expression to estimate the age of forensically important blow fly pupae: results from three blind studies
TLDR
It is shown that age of C. vicina pupae can be well estimated based on gene expression data, which has the potential to outperform morphological analysis in age estimation of forensically relevant blow fly pupae.
Age-Dependent Gene Expression of Blow Fly Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during Egg Development Improving Age Estimation in Forensic Entomology
TLDR
The feasibility of predicting egg age from ovi-position to hatching over 2 hour’s intervals of egg development is investigated and indicates that developmental eggs exhibit differential and specific time-dependent expression profile of target genes that can contribute as measurable factors in future investigations.
Differential gene expression during metamorphosis: a promising approach for age estimation of forensically important Calliphora vicina pupae (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
TLDR
Quantification through real-time PCR revealed significant up- and downregulation of these transcripts found to be temperature dependent and age specific, hence, a new possibility to age forensically important blow fly pupae.
Review of some recent techniques of age determination of blow flies having forensic implications
Descriptive analyses of differentially expressed genes during larval development of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
TLDR
Examination of gene expression patterns of six genes during larval development of Calliphora vicina at three constant temperatures and the effect of a combination of morphological and molecular age markers on statistical models of development shows reliable tendencies to classify the post-feeding stage more precisely.
Increasing Precision in Development-Based Postmortem Interval Estimates: What's Sex Got to Do with it?
TLDR
A new tool, assessment of sex-specific growth, is introduced that has the potential to reduce noise in PMIMIN estimates when using third instar larvae.
Internal Morphological Analysis for Age Estimation of Blow Fly Pupae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Postmortem Interval Estimation *
TLDR
It was determined that blow fly pupae should be pierced through the three tagma, hot‐water‐killed, and preserved in 80% ethanol as the optimal preservation for subsequent analyses, and differences in brain and thoracic muscle development throughout the pupal stage with potential for age estimation were revealed.
Time Flies—Age Grading of Adult Flies for the Estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval
TLDR
The current state of the art of analysing the aging of flies is reviewed by evaluating the ovarian development, the amount of pteridine in the eyes, the degree of wing damage, the modification of their cuticular hydrocarbon patterns, and the increasing number of growth layers in the cuticula.
Dating Pupae of the Blow Fly Calliphora vicina Robineau–Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for Post Mortem Interval—Estimation: Validation of Molecular Age Markers
TLDR
This study designed and validated two quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for each of 15 defined pupal ages representing a daily progress during the total pupal development if grown at 17 °C and investigated whether the performance of these assays is affected by the ambient temperature.
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