• DOI:10.1007/s11920-017-0860-0
• Corpus ID: 38064951

Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Insomnia: an Update of the Literature

@article{Wynchank2017AdultAD,
  title={Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Insomnia: an Update of the Literature},
  author={Dora Wynchank and Denise Bijlenga and Aartjan T. F. Beekman and J J Sandra Kooij and Brenda W.J.H. Penninx},
  journal={Current Psychiatry Reports},
  year={2017},
  volume={19},
  pages={1-11}
}

• D. Wynchank, D. Bijlenga, +2 authors B. Penninx
• Published 30 October 2017
• Psychology, Medicine
• Current Psychiatry Reports

Purpose of ReviewInsomnia is diagnosed when there is dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality. It has a prevalence in the general population ranging from 31 to 56%. Insomnia has previously been associated with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this review, we address three topics: (1) the cross-sectional relationship between ADHD and insomnia in adulthood, (2) the longitudinal relationship between ADHD and insomnia, and (3) insomnia as a side effect of pharmacological treatments for adult ADHD.Recent FindingsThree cross-sectional, clinical, and population studies report a prevalence of insomnia in ADHD adults ranging from 43 to 80%. Longitudinal evidence for a link between childhood-onset ADHD and insomnia at later age is mixed, with one study confirming and another study not supporting such a longitudinal association. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, insomnia is reported significantly more often in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm. In varying percentages of trial participants, insomnia is a treatment-emergent adverse effect in triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts (40–45%), dasotraline (35–45%), lisdexamfetamine (10–19%), and extended-release methylphenidate (11%). Ten to seventeen percent of subjects in placebo-controlled trials of atomoxetine report insomnia, possibly related to poor metabolizer status. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between ADHD and sleep problems are incompletely understood, but both genetic and non-shared environmental influences may be involved.SummaryAdults with ADHD should be assessed for insomnia, which is frequently comorbid, and both conditions should be treated.