Abundance of Ribosomal RNA Gene Copies Maintains Genome Integrity

@article{Ide2010AbundanceOR,
  title={Abundance of Ribosomal RNA Gene Copies Maintains Genome Integrity},
  author={Satoru Ide and Takaaki Miyazaki and Hisaji Maki and Takehiko Kobayashi},
  journal={Science},
  year={2010},
  volume={327},
  pages={693 - 696}
}
Protective Abundance Massively repeated sequences are generally dangerous to genomes because they promote recombination and, potentially, genome instability. Eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), which are highly transcribed, are organized into large arrays of repeats and have a system that actively maintains these large arrays. In getting to the bottom of this apparent contradiction, Ide et al. (p. 693) found that reducing the number of rDNA repeats in yeast resulted in a marked sensitivity… 
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Evidence uncovering mechanisms of regulation of instability and copy number variation at the rDNA and their role in adaptation to the environment is reviewed, which could serve to understand the basic principles governing the behavior of other tandem repeats and their roles in shaping the genome.
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The data suggest that a reduction in rDNA copy number may indicate a history of DNA replication stress, and that rDNA array size could serve as a diagnostic marker for replication Stress, and begin to suggest the selective pressures that combine to yield a “normal” r DNA copy number.
Regulation of ribosomal RNA gene copy number and its role in modulating genome integrity and evolutionary adaptability in yeast
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A new aspect of the rRNA gene repeat (called rDNA) is introduced as a center of maintenance of genome integrity and its contribution to evolution is discussed.
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RNA Polymerase I Activators Count and Adjust Ribosomal RNA Gene Copy Number.
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It is shown that the amount of UAF determines the rDNA copy number that is stably maintained, which ensures rDNA production not only by rDNA transcription activation but also by its copy-number maintenance.
Rtt109 Prevents Hyper-Amplification of Ribosomal RNA Genes through Histone Modification in Budding Yeast
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The results support the idea that tandem DNA arrays are produced and incorporated through rolling-circle-type replication, and propose that, in the rtt109 mutant, rDNA hyper-amplification is caused by uncontrolled rolling- circle- type replication.
Genome Instability of Repetitive Sequence: Lesson from the Ribosomal RNA Gene Repeat
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This review will introduce the unique mechanisms by which the rDNA repetitive region and its physiological functions are maintained.
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The possible contribution of nuclear pores to the asymmetric distribution of damaged rDNA between mother and daughter cells as well as its possible impact on aging/rejuvenation are proposed.
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It is demonstrated that the conserved protein kinase Tel1 maintains rDNA stability after replication fork arrest, and this findings suggest that rDNA-nuclear pore association is due to a replication fork block and subsequent DSB.
Gene dosage compensation of rRNA transcript levels in Arabidopsis thaliana lines with reduced ribosomal gene copy number
TLDR
Gene dosage compensation of rRNA transcript levels was associated with reduction of silencing histone marks at rDNA loci and altered Nucleolar Organiser Region 2 organization, and overall genome integrity of LCN lines appears unaffected, a chromosome segmental duplication occurred in one of the lines.
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