Absence seizures: A review of recent reports with new concepts

@article{Hughes2009AbsenceSA,
  title={Absence seizures: A review of recent reports with new concepts},
  author={John Russell Hughes},
  journal={Epilepsy \& Behavior},
  year={2009},
  volume={15},
  pages={404-412}
}
  • J. R. Hughes
  • Published 2009
  • Psychology, Medicine
  • Epilepsy & Behavior
Absence seizures with bilateral spike-wave (SW) complexes at 3Hz are divided into the childhood form, with onset at around 6 years of age, and the juvenile form, with onset usually at 12 years of age. These seizures typically last 9-12s and, at times, are activated by hyperventilation and occasionally by photic stimulation. Generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures may also occur, especially in the juvenile form. There may be cognitive changes, in addition to linguistic and behavioral problems… Expand
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Interventional Clinical Trial
The Effect of Child Position on the Results of Hyperventilation During Routine Electroencephalography
Electroencephalograhy (EEG) is used as a tool for diagnosing epilepsy/convulsions. During the recording, especially for childen who are suspected of having abbcence epilepsy… Expand
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111 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Pathophysiology of absence epilepsy: Insights from genetic models
TLDR
In vivo electrophysiological intracellular recordings showed that the pyramidal neurons of the deep layers of this cortex exhibit fast activation, hyperexcitability and hypersynchronizing characteristics in favor of their role as ictogenic neurons in absence seizures. Expand
Neurochemical and Behavioral Features in Genetic Absence Epilepsy and in Acutely Induced Absence Seizures
TLDR
Two mechanisms that cause an infringement of the function of DA receptors in this genetic absence epilepsy model are proposed. Expand
The cortical focus in childhood absence epilepsy; evidence from nonlinear analysis of scalp EEG recordings
TLDR
Absences from CAE show ictal epileptic network dynamics remarkably similar to those observed in WAG/Rij rats which guided the formulation of the cortical focus theory. Expand
Semiology, clustering, periodicity and natural history of seizures in an experimental occipital cortical epilepsy model
TLDR
The TeNT model of occipital cortical epilepsy is a model of acquired focal neocortical epilepsy that is well-suited for preclinical evaluation of novel anti-epileptic strategies and a predictive framework that can be used to reduce variation and consequently animal use in preclinical studies of potential treatments. Expand
Current advances in childhood absence epilepsy.
TLDR
Recent studies and new concepts on the electroclinical features and pathophysiological findings of childhood absence epilepsy are reviewed to highlight areas of consensus as well as areas of uncertainty that indicate directions for future research. Expand
Semiology, clustering, periodicity and natural history of seizures in an experimental visual cortical epilepsy model
TLDR
A detailed analysis of the epilepsy phenotype, seizure activity, electrographic features, and the semiology is provided to provide a predictive framework that can be used to reduce variation and consequently animal use in pre-clinical studies of potential treatments. Expand
A brief history of typical absence seizures — Petit mal revisited
TLDR
The history of typical absence seizures is traced back, from their initial clinical description to the more recent nosological position, based on electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Expand
Spectral Power of 1–4 Hz Frequency in the Ictal Phase of Childhood Absence Epilepsy
  • D. Kim, D. Nordli, F. Zelko
  • Psychology, Medicine
  • Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
  • 2011
TLDR
These observations bolster the new ILAE definition of generalized seizures, suggesting that some so-called generalized seizures are not truly generalized but that they instead rapidly engage bilaterally distributed networks with clear asymmetries of scalp electrical discharges. Expand
Coexistence of childhood absence epilepsy and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: A case series.
TLDR
Although CAE and BECTS are clearly defined syndromes, they share some features (such as similar age of onset, overall good prognosis), and can occur in the same patient, the long term prognosis of these patients seems to be good with an excellent response to anticonvulsant therapy. Expand
[A late-onset case of nonconvulsive status epilepticus of generalized epilepsy].
TLDR
Her symptoms improved, and interictal epileptic discharges extremely decreased, and this case was discussed as an important case for diagnosis of NCSE with subtle symptom of dizziness. Expand
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References

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Clinical observations from three patients and clinical and experimental data from the literature suggest that consciousness is retained in many typical absences and the true hallmark of these seizures is arrest of motor initiation due to disturbance of pre-motor area frontal-lobe function. Expand
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The heterogeneous nature of each clinical and EEG feature of untreated absence seizures is of critical importance when determining criteria for childhood absence epilepsy. Expand
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It is proposed that absence seizures impair focal, not generalized brain functions, and impaired consciousness in absence seizures may be caused by focal disruption of information processing in specific corticothalamic networks, while other networks are spared. Expand
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
The "cortical focus" theory for generalized absence epilepsy bridges cortical and thalamic theories and shows a consistent focus within the perioral region of the somatosensory cortex. Expand
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TLDR
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TLDR
The cognitive and behavioral aspects of these patients suggest an involvement of frontal lobes, and patients with IGEs appear to lack a degree of self‐control, to neglect their physical needs, and are poorly compliant with therapy. Expand
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