ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005.

@article{2005ATSERSRF,
  title={ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005.},
  author={},
  journal={American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
  year={2005},
  volume={171 8},
  pages={
          912-30
        }
}
  • Published 2005
  • Medicine
  • American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
History of This Document Section 1: Background Assessment of Airway Inflammation Exhaled NO Nasal NO Section 2: Recommendations for a Standardized Procedure for the Online Measurement of Exhaled NO in Adults Requirements for the Clinical Use of Exhaled NO Measurements Standardization of Exhaled NO Terminology and Units General Principles Regarding Exhaled NO Measurement Non–Disease-related Patient Factors Influencing Exhaled NO Values Recommended Technique for Online Adult Exhaled NO… 
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Highly Influential Citations
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Methods Citations
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Comparison of online single-breath vs. online multiple-breath exhaled nitric oxide in school-age children
TLDR
eNOmb might be an alternative tool especially at preschool age, when cooperation during measurements is crucial, and the LOA range hampers eNOmb use in research, where exact values across the whole range are warranted.
The impact of ambient NO on online measurements of exhaled and nasal NO: The PIAMA study
  • U. Gehring, M. Oldenwening, +5 authors J. D. de Jongste
  • Environmental Science, Medicine
    Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • 2009
TLDR
The present work makes use of data collected during the 8‐yr follow‐up of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort study to describe the relationship between ambient NO and measurements of fractional exhaled NO (FENO) and nasal NO (nNO) investigated in a large population of children.
Relationships of online exhaled, offline exhaled, and ambient nitric oxide in an epidemiologic survey of schoolchildren
TLDR
Either online or offline measurement of exhaled NO and concurrent ambient NO can be useful in field epidemiology, and influence of ambient NO on exhaled No should be examined carefully, particularly for offline measurements.
Analysis of Single-breath Profiles of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Allergy and Asthma: Guideline-derived Plateau Concentrations Compared to Results of Automatic Evaluation by Two Analyzers
TLDR
In children less than 12 years of age, the guideline-based analysis of FENO–time profiles from Ecomedics at variable times obtains FENNO concentrations that are higher and more reproducible than those from the fixed interval of 2 to 4 seconds and higher than NIOX MINO concentrations obtained during a short exhalation.
Spirometry effects on conventional and multiple flow exhaled nitric oxide in children
  • S. Eckel, W. Linn, +5 authors K. Berhane
  • Medicine
    The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma
  • 2015
TLDR
Evaluated evidence for carryover effects of recent spirometry on three exhaled NO summary measures: FeNO at 50 ml/s, airway wall NO flux [J′awNO] and alveolar NO concentration [CANO] in a population-based sample of schoolchildren, finding no evidence of spirometry carryovers.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Oxidative Metabolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
  • Medicine
  • 2006
TLDR
An update on FeNO Background Measurement Issues Clinical Application of FeNO Measurement and the Role of Nasal NO Measurement Conditions in Which Nasal No Might Be Clinically Applicable is provided.
Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Using End Tidal Value duringNormal Breathing
TLDR
Breathing high level of NO of up to 88 ppb did not affect either NOet or NOplat significantly suggesting that both measurements are independent of inhaled NO concentration.
Normal values and thresholds for the clinical interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels in the US general population: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010.
TLDR
A large variation of normal FENO values existed in the general population, which was poorly predicted by multiple linear regression models and indicated abnormality and a high risk of airway inflammation.
Reference values of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy children 1–5 years using off‐line tidal breathing
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the off‐line tidal breathing method is feasible to measure FeNO in preschool children and provides reference values of FeNO for healthy children 1–5 years of age.
An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications.
TLDR
Recommendations to develop evidence-based guidelines for the interpretation of Fe(NO) measurements that incorporate evidence that has accumulated over the past decade are provided.
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References

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TLDR
It is concluded that off-line sampling in balloons is a simple and attractive method for exhaled nitric oxide measurements in children which differentiates between groups with and without self-reported asthma, allergy and colds, when ambient Nitric oxide is < 10 parts per billion.
A simple flow-driven method for online measurement of exhaled NO starting at the age of 4 to 5 years.
TLDR
A modified online method for measuring ENO that is simple, does not require active cooperation to maintain a constant expiratory flow, and can be easily performed by children from 4 to 5 yr of age onward is described.
Nasal Nitric Oxide: A Comparison of Measurement Techniques
TLDR
In view of the flow dependence of nasal NO, it is vital to use a constant flow rate, and lower airway NO contribution must be excluded or subtracted, and the fixed flow exhalation appears to be the preferred method as it is highly reproducible and acceptable.
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TLDR
It can be concluded that off-line fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measurements with dynamic flow restriction are feasible in young children and correspond to on-line values.
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TLDR
Measurement of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been proposed as a noninvasive assessment of asthmatic airway inflammation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that FENO is a robust discriminator between individuals with asthma and healthy subjects.
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TLDR
The offline method gave reproducible ENO values that were consistently smaller than, but showed good correlation with, values obtained with on-line ENO collection.
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TLDR
FeNO(controlled), a new method to measure exhaled nitric oxide on-line at fixed flow rate during controlled tidal breathing in young children aged 2 yr and older, is outlined and shows better agreement with FeNO (SBOL) than FeNO(mixed).
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TLDR
On the basis of results, FE(NO) values for healthy adolescents are provided and it is proposed that the ideal flow rate for children is between 30 and 50 ml/s.
Off‐line exhaled nitric oxide measurements in children
TLDR
The effects of expiratory flow, dead space, and exhalation time on eNO are investigated; on‐line and off‐line eNO measurements are compared, and the repeatability of both techniques at a given flow rate is compared.
Measuring exhaled nitric oxide in infants during tidal breathing: Methodological issues
TLDR
Tidal breathing FENO decreased with increasing tidal flows and increased with age and there was no significant difference in mixed expired NO between healthy and wheezy children, but children with doctor‐diagnosed eczema had significantly raised levels.
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