ADHD after fetal exposure to maternal smoking.

@article{Lindblad2010ADHDAF,
  title={ADHD after fetal exposure to maternal smoking.},
  author={Frank Lindblad and Anders Hjern},
  journal={Nicotine \& tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco},
  year={2010},
  volume={12 4},
  pages={
          408-15
        }
}
  • F. Lindblad, A. Hjern
  • Published 1 April 2010
  • Medicine, Psychology
  • Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with a twofold to fourfold increased risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. Genetic and socioeconomic confounders may contribute to this association. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fetal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD, taking such potential confounders into consideration. METHODS A register study in a population of 982,856… 
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Smoking in Pregnancy and Child ADHD
TLDR
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not more strongly associated with offspring ADHD diagnosis than was paternal smoking, grandmother’s smoking when pregnant with mother, or maternal smoking in previous pregnancies, and sibling control analyses showed no association between maternalsmoking in pregnancy and child ADHD symptoms among siblings discordant for maternal smoking.
Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis.
Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring.
TLDR
The results suggest that the association between maternal SDP and offspring ADHD are due to unmeasured familial confounding.
Maternal and Paternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of ADHD Symptoms in Offspring: Testing for Intrauterine Effects
TLDR
Findings suggest that associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and child ADHD may be due to genetic or household-level confounding rather than to causal intrauterine effects.
The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy - a re-examination using a sibling design.
  • C. Obel, J. Zhu, +5 authors M. Rutter
  • Medicine, Psychology
    Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
  • 2016
TLDR
The findings suggest that the strong association found in most previous epidemiological studies is likely to be due to a strong link between maternal smoking and maternal ADHD genetics or shared family environment.
Is Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy a Risk Factor for Cigarette Smoking in Offspring? A Longitudinal Controlled Study of ADHD Children Grown Up
TLDR
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was found to increase the risk for smoking and a wide range of adverse psychiatric, cognitive, and functional outcomes in youth.
Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for hyperkinetic disorder?--Findings from a sibling design.
TLDR
The findings suggest that the strong association found in previous studies may be due to time-stable familial factors, such as environmental and genetic factors, and if smoking is a causal factor, the effect is small and less important than what the previous studies indicate.
Associations of prenatal maternal smoking with offspring hyperactivity: causal or confounded?
TLDR
In a pregnancy cohort recruited in a time period in which smoking during pregnancy was common, associations between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring hyperactivity are document.
Maternal smoking and offspring inattention and hyperactivity: results from a cross-national European survey
TLDR
Drawing on data from a diverse set of countries across Europe, it is document that the association between maternal smoking and offspring ADHD is stronger than that of paternal smoking during the pregnancy period and offspring hyperactivity disorder.
Questioning the Causal Link between Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Offspring Use of Psychotropic Medication: A Sibling Design Analysis
TLDR
An association between exposure to ≥10 cigarettes per day during pregnancy and psychotropic drug use in exposed children and young adults is found and SDP per se appears to have less influence on offspring psychotropic drugs use than previously suggested.
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References

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