A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality

@article{Zhou1995ASD,
  title={A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality},
  author={Jiang-Ning Zhou and Michel A. Hofman and Louis J Gooren and Dick F. Swaab},
  journal={Nature},
  year={1995},
  volume={378},
  pages={68-70}
}
TRANSSEXUALS have the strong feeling, often from childhood onwards, of having been born the wrong sex. The possible psycho-genie or biological aetiology of transsexuality has been the subject of debate for many years1,2. Here we show that the volume of the central subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTc), a brain area that is essential for sexual behaviour3,4, is larger in men than in women. A female-sized BSTc was found in male-to-female transsexuals. The size of the BSTc… 
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The transsexual brain – A review of findings on the neural basis of transsexualism
Male-to-female transsexuals have female neuron numbers in a limbic nucleus.
TLDR
The present findings of somatostatin neuronal sex differences in the BSTc and its sex reversal in the transsexual brain clearly support the paradigm that in transsexuals sexual differentiation of the brain and genitals may go into opposite directions and point to a neurobiological basis of gender identity disorder.
Androgen treatment of female-to-male transsexuals
TLDR
Research on the brains of male-to-female transsexuals has found that the sexual differentiation of one brain area (the bed nucleus of the striaterminalis) follows a female pattern, which may lead to a concept of transsexualism as a form of intersex, where theSexual differentiation of the brain is not consistent with the other variables of sex.
COGNITIVE ABILITY AND CEREBRAL LATERALISATION IN TRANSSEXUALS
transsexual brain – A review of findings on the neural basis f transsexualism lke
Transsexualism describes the condition when a person’s psychological gender differs from his or her biological sex and is commonly thought to arise from a discrepant cerebral and genital sexual…
A sex difference in the hypothalamic uncinate nucleus: relationship to gender identity.
TLDR
It is proposed that the sex reversal of the INAH3 in transsexual people is at least partly a marker of an early atypical sexual differentiation of the brain and that the changes in INah3 and the BSTc may belong to a complex network that may structurally and functionally be related to gender identity.
Sexual differentiation of the human brain and male/female behaviour.
TLDR
It turns out, however, that sex differences revealed through play, drawings and aggression are determined by exposure to hormones in the womb rather than by what society demands later on.
Sex steroid-related genes and male-to-female transsexualism
Sexual differentiation of the human brain: Relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders
  • A. Bao, D. Swaab
  • Psychology, Biology
    Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
  • 2011
Sexual differentiation of the human brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation.
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