A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development

@article{Arfsten2001ARO,
  title={A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development},
  author={D. Arfsten and K. Still and G. Ritchie},
  journal={Toxicology and Industrial Health},
  year={2001},
  volume={17},
  pages={180 - 191}
}
Depleted uranium (DU) is used in armor-penetrating munitions, military vehicle armor, and aircraft, ship and missile counterweighting/ballasting, as well as in a number of other military and commercial applications. Recent combat applications of DU alloy [i.e., Persian Gulf War (PGW) and Kosovo peacekeeping objective] resulted in human acute exposure to DU dust, vapor or aerosol, as well as chronic exposure from tissue embedding of DU shrapnel fragments. DU alloy is 99.8% 238Uranium, and emits… Expand
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Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Implanted Depleted Uranium (DU) in CD Rats
TLDR
The effects of long-term implantation of DU on the reproductive success of F0 generation adults and development and survival of subsequent F1 and F2 generations in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study seem to suggest that DU is a significant reproductive or developmental hazard, particularly when one considers mid-dose and high-dose rats. Expand
Chapter 33 – Depleted Uranium
This chapter describes depleted uranium (DU) and its applications in weapons of mass destruction. It also highlights the DU exposure pathways, pharmacokinetics, health effects, toxicity, and… Expand
CHAPTER 29 – Depleted Uranium
Publisher Summary This chapter describes depleted uranium (DU) and its applications in weapons of mass destruction. It also highlights the DU exposure pathways, pharmacokinetics, health effects,… Expand
Neurotoxicity of depleted uranium
TLDR
This review reports on uranium uses and its published health effects, with a major focus on in vitro and in vivo studies that escalate concerns that exposure to DU might be associated with neurotoxic health sequelae. Expand
Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium on male reproductive success, sperm concentration, and sperm velocity.
TLDR
It is suggested that implantation of up to 20 DU pellets of 1x2 mm in rats for approximately 21% of their adult lifespan does not have an adverse impact on male reproductive success, sperm concentration, or sperm velocity. Expand
Gulf war depleted uranium risks
  • A. Marshall
  • Medicine
  • Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
  • 2008
TLDR
The analysis found that the risks of DU-induced leukemia or birth defects are far too small to result in an observable increase in health effects among exposed veterans or Iraqi civilians, and Veterans and civilians who did not occupy DU-contaminated vehicles are unlikely to have internalized quantities of DU significantly in excess of normal internalization of natural uranium from the environment. Expand
The Chemistry and Toxicology of Depleted Uranium
Natural uranium is comprised of three radioactive isotopes: 238U, 235U, and 234U. Depleted uranium (DU) is a byproduct of the processes for the enrichment of the naturally occurring 235U isotope. The… Expand
Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective
TLDR
The human epidemiological evidence is consistent with increased risk of birth defects in offspring of persons exposed to DU, and the possibility that DU is a teratogen is firmly supported. Expand
Engineering solution for Radioactive Waste in IRAQ
Depleted uranium (DU) is a by-product of the enrichment of natural uranium for nuclear reactor-grade or nuclear weapons-grade uranium. DU is chemically identical to natural uranium. Depleted uranium… Expand
Accumulation and distribution of uranium in rats after implantation with depleted uranium fragments.
TLDR
It was concluded that kidney and bone are the primary reservoirs for uranium redistributed from intramuscularly embedded fragments, and the accumulations in kidney, bone and many other tissues suggest the potential for unanticipated physiological consequences of chronic exposure to DU. Expand
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References

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Biological effects of embedded depleted uranium (DU): summary of armed forces radiobiology research institute research.
TLDR
Results indicate uranium from implanted DU fragments distributed to tissues far-removed from implantation sites, including bone, kidney, muscle, and liver, and suggest the need for further studies of long-term health impact. Expand
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TLDR
It is concluded that kidney and bone are the primary reservoirs for uranium redistributed from intramuscularly embedded fragments and the accumulations in brain, lymph nodes, and testicles suggest the potential for unanticipated physiological consequences of exposure to uranium through this route. Expand
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TLDR
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The purpose of this work is to present an outline of the metabolic pathways of uranium isotopes and compounds, medical consequences of uranium poisoning, and an evaluation of the therapeutic… Expand
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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