A perspective on nanophase materials for orthopedic implant applications

@article{Balasundaram2006APO,
  title={A perspective on nanophase materials for orthopedic implant applications},
  author={Ganesan Balasundaram and Thomas Jay Webster},
  journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry},
  year={2006},
  volume={16},
  pages={3737-3745}
}
In the past, synthetic conventional materials have not served as satisfactory implants. As an example, the current average lifetime of an orthopedic implant (such as hip, knee, ankle, etc.) is only 10 to 15 years. Clearly, such conventional materials (or those materials with constituent dimensions greater than 1 micron) have not invoked suitable cellular responses to regenerate enough bone to allow these devices to be successful for long periods of time. In contrast, due to their ability to… 
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