A mosquito lipoxin/lipocalin complex mediates innate immune priming in Anopheles gambiae

@article{Ramirez2015AML,
  title={A mosquito lipoxin/lipocalin complex mediates innate immune priming in Anopheles gambiae},
  author={Jose Luis Ramirez and Giselle de Almeida Oliveira and Eric Calvo and Jesmond Dalli and Romain Alexandre Colas and Charles Nicholas Serhan and Jose M.C. Ribeiro and Carolina Barillas-Mury},
  journal={Nature Communications},
  year={2015},
  volume={6}
}
Exposure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection enhances the ability of their immune system to respond to subsequent infections. However, the molecular mechanism that allows the insect innate immune system to ‘remember' a previous encounter with a pathogen has not been established. Challenged mosquitoes constitutively release a soluble haemocyte differentiation factor into their haemolymph that, when transferred into Naive mosquitoes, also induces priming. Here we show that… 
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64 Citations

Mosquito Midgut Prostaglandin Release Establishes Systemic Immune Priming
Double peroxidase and histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 maintain innate immune memory in primed mosquitoes
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It is proposed that oenocytes may function as a population of cells that are reprogrammed, and orchestrate and maintain a broad, systemic, and long-lasting state of enhanced immune surveillance in primed mosquitoes.
“Proliferation of DBLOX Peroxidase-Expressing Oenocytes Maintains Innate Immune Memory in Primed Mosquitoes”
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It is proposed that oenocytes function as a population of “memory” cells that continuously release lipoxin to orchestrate and maintain a broad, systemic and long-lasting state of enhanced immune surveillance.
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It is reported that the mosquito immune response to Plasmodium requires cellular immunity and that hemocyte-derived microvesicles may deliver some critical factor(s) that promote activation of thioester-containing protein 1, a key effector of the mosquito antiplasmodial immunity.
Chemical depletion of phagocytic immune cells reveals dual roles of mosquito hemocytes in Anopheles gambiae anti-Plasmodium immunity
TLDR
This study provides the first definitive insights into the dual roles of mosquito phagocytes in limiting malaria parasite survival, and illustrates the use of clodronate liposomes as an important advancement in the study of invertebrate immunity.
Functional Interaction between Apolipophorins and Complement Regulate the Mosquito Immune Response to Systemic Infections
TLDR
The results suggest that mosquito Apo-II/I plays an important immune regulatory role during systemic infections and provide novel insight into the functional interplay between lipid metabolism and immune gene regulation.
Chemical depletion of phagocytic immune cells in Anopheles gambiae reveals dual roles of mosquito hemocytes in anti-Plasmodium immunity
TLDR
It is demonstrated that phagocytic cells contribute to mosquito complement recognition of invading ookinetes and limit oocyst survival through the production of prophenoloxidases, providing insights into the mechanisms of malaria parasite killing.
Identification of a prostaglandin E2 receptor that regulates mosquito oenocytoid immune cell function in limiting bacteria and parasite infection
TLDR
The results characterize the AgPGE2R and the role of prostaglandin signaling on immune cell function, providing new insights into therole of PGE2 on anti-bacterial and anti-Plasmodium immune responses in the mosquito host.
Oral immune priming with Bacillus thuringiensis induces a shift in the gene expression of Tribolium castaneum larvae
TLDR
The data demonstrate that gene expression upon infection is strongly affected by previous immune priming, and it is hypothesized that this shift in gene expression indicates activation of a more targeted and efficient response towards a previously encountered pathogen, in anticipation of potential secondary encounter.
Limited Specificity in the Injury and Infection Priming against Bacteria in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
TLDR
Mosquitoes previously immunized with a low dose of Escherichia coli, but not Staphylococcus aureus, showed increased survival and the host protection herein demonstrated was not specific, each bacterium elicited differential AMP expression.
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