A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.
@article{Deci1999AMR, title={A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.}, author={Edward L. Deci and Richard Koestner and Richard M. Ryan}, journal={Psychological bulletin}, year={1999}, volume={125 6}, pages={ 627-68; discussion 692-700 } }
A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards significantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d = -0.40, -0.36, and -0.28, respectively), as did all rewards, all tangible rewards, and all expected rewards. Engagement-contingent and completion-contingent rewards also significantly undermined self-reported interest (d = -0.15, and -0.17), as…
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