A low mass for Mars from Jupiter’s early gas-driven migration

@article{Walsh2011ALM,
  title={A low mass for Mars from Jupiter’s early gas-driven migration},
  author={Kevin John Walsh and Alessandro Morbidelli and Sean N. Raymond and David P. O'Brien and Avi M. Mandell},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2011},
  volume={475},
  pages={206-209}
}
Jupiter and Saturn formed in a few million years (ref. 1) from a gas-dominated protoplanetary disk, and were susceptible to gas-driven migration of their orbits on timescales of only ∼100,000 years (ref. 2). Hydrodynamic simulations show that these giant planets can undergo a two-stage, inward-then-outward, migration. The terrestrial planets finished accreting much later, and their characteristics, including Mars' small mass, are best reproduced by starting from a planetesimal disk with an… Expand
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