A human centric framework for the analysis of automated driving systems based on meaningful human control

@article{Calvert2019AHC,
  title={A human centric framework for the analysis of automated driving systems based on meaningful human control},
  author={Simeon Craig Calvert and Dani{\"e}l D. Heikoop and Giulio Mecacci and Bart van Arem},
  journal={Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science},
  year={2019},
  volume={21},
  pages={478 - 506}
}
ABSTRACT The future adoption of automated vehicles poses many challenges, with one of the more important being the preservation of control over vehicles that are no longer (fully) operated by drivers. There is consensus that vehicles should not perform actions that are unacceptable to humans. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Meaningful Human Control (MHC) as a function of a framework of the Automated Driving System (ADS). This framework is constructed through the core components that… 
View on Taylor & Francis
tandfonline.com
15 Citations
Background Citations
5
Methods Citations
1

15 Citations

A Conceptual Control System Description of Cooperative and Automated Driving in Mixed Urban Traffic With Meaningful Human Control for Design and Evaluation
TLDR
This article is one of the first to operationalise MHC to such a level of detail and opens the door to further development of the concept for technological implementation.
Realising Meaningful Human Control Over Automated Driving Systems: A Multidisciplinary Approach
TLDR
A framework to realise “meaningful human control” over Automated Driving Systems is presented and it is shown how the evaluation cascade table can be applied in concrete engineering use cases in combination with the definition of core components to expose deficiencies in traceability, thereby avoiding so-called responsibility gaps.
How to ensure control of cooperative vehicle and truck platoons using Meaningful Human Control
TLDR
It is concluded that current advances are making progress, but that from a MHC perspective, issues still remain for the operational and tactical implementation of truck platoons and cooperative driving that need to be addressed in regard to ODDs and drivers.
Human behaviour with automated driving systems: a quantitative framework for meaningful human control
TLDR
The concept of ‘meaningful human control’ is introduced to better address the challenges raised by ADS, and a new framework of human control over ADS is presented by means of literature-based categorisation that offers a unique, quantified perspective into the effects of ADS on human behaviour.
A generic multi-level framework for microscopic traffic simulation with automated vehicles in mixed traffic
Delft University of Technology A practitioner’s View of Driver Training for automated driving From Driving Examiners: A Focus group Discussion
TLDR
The concept of meaningful human control (MHC) as an integral part of the discussion lead to consensual findings regarding ADAS functionality and the drivers' tasks, as well as discussion topics on driver training and levels of automation.
A practitioner’s View of Driver Training for automated driving From Driving Examiners: A Focus group Discussion
TLDR
The concept of meaningful human control (MHC) as an integral part of the discussion lead to consensual findings regarding ADAS functionality and the drivers' tasks, as well as discussion topics on driver training and levels of automation.
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
How can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also…
Meaningful human control over AI systems: beyond talking the talk
TLDR
This paper argues these four properties are necessary for AI systems under meaningful human control, and provides possible directions to incorporate them into practice, and illustrates these properties with two use cases, automated vehicle and AI-based hiring.
Towards common ethical and safe 'behaviour' standards for automated vehicles.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 81 REFERENCES
Autonomous Driving: Context and State-of-the-Art
TLDR
In order to provide an overall perspective on how technology is converging towards vehicles with autonomous capabilities, advances have been classified into driver centric, network centric and vehicle centric.
Gaps in the Control of Automated Vehicles on Roads
TLDR
A potential discrepancy in AV control is suggested with the review of recently documented accidents involving AV’s and the identification of a gap in control is performed using a recently formulated moral philosophical framework of Meaningful Human Control.
Understanding and Applying the Concept of “Driver Availability” in Automated Driving
TLDR
A comprehensive model of the transition process from automated driving to manual driving and relevant time stamps and time windows is introduced and potential influencing factors on driver availability are outlined.
Full platoon control in Truck Platooning: A Meaningful Human Control perspective
TLDR
Concepts that can answer some of the questions and make recommendations on how full platoon control should be considered by truck manufactures, ADS software developers and policy makers are given.
Potential Individual Differences Regarding Automation Effects in Automated Driving
TLDR
Potential individual differences -- classified into dispositions, stable traits, operator state, attitudes and demographics -- that could influence the human performance in interactions with automation are discussed.
A cooperative driving system with automated vehicles and inter-vehicle communications in Demo 2000
TLDR
Describes the technologies of cooperative driving with automated vehicles and inter-vehicle communications in the Demo 2000 cooperative driving, aiming at the compatibility of safety and efficiency of road traffic.
Act like a Human: Teach an Autonomous Vehicle to Deal with Traffic Encounters
TLDR
It is suggested that autonomous vehicles should be empowered with the able to understand human partners and the ability to percept context, so that it could fit in social road.
Driving Performance After Self-Regulated Control Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles
TLDR
It was shown that self-paced transitions could reduce the risk of accidents near the edge of the operational design domain and vehicle manufacturers must consider these benefits when designing contemporary systems.
Behavioural impacts of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems - an overview.
TLDR
There are also potential problems to be expected, since the task of driving a ordinary motor vehicle is changing in nature, in the direction of supervising a (partly) automated moving vehicle.
Potential Impacts of Vehicle Automation on Design, Infrastructure and Investment Decisions - A State DOT Perspective
Connected and autonomous vehicle technologies have the potential to significantly change surface transportation as we know it today. State Departments of Transportation (DOT) need to understand how…
...
...