A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids

@article{Brill2003AHO,
  title={A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids},
  author={Selling Brill and Gabriel M. Gurman and Anthony Fisher},
  journal={European Journal of Anaesthesiology},
  year={2003},
  volume={20},
  pages={682-689}
}
The history of intrathecal and epidural anaesthesia is in parallel with the development of general anaesthesia. As ether anaesthesia (1846) is considered the first modern anaesthetic since its use by Morton 157 yr ago, so Bier made history by using cocaine for intrathecal anaesthesia in 1898. The first published report on opioids for intrathecal anaesthesia belongs to a Romanian surgeon, Racoviceanu-Pitesti, who presented his experience at Paris in 1901. It was almost a century before the… Expand
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Clinical trials have shown that epidural morphine in the form of extended-release liposome injections (EREM) gives good analgesia for a period of 48 hours, with no need for epidural catheterisation. Expand
A Clinical Approach to Neuraxial Morphine for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain
TLDR
Clinical trials have shown that epidural morphine in the form of extended-release liposome injections (EREM) gives good analgesia for a period of 48 hours, with no need for epidural catheterisation. Expand
Drugs 2011;
Morphine is a drug commonly administered via the epidural or intrathecal route, and is regarded by many as the ‘gold-standard’ single-dose neuraxial opioid due to its postoperative analgesic efficacy… Expand
Neuraxial Morphine and Respiratory Depression
TLDR
An extensive review of articles published since 1945 that examine respiratory depression or failure associated with perioperative intrathecal or epidural morphine use suggests ampakine (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid [AMPA]) receptor modulators may be effective at reducing opioid-induced respiratory depression while maintaining analgesia. Expand
Neuraxial Morphine and Respiratory Depression Finding the Right Balance
Morphine is a drug commonly administered via the epidural or intrathecal route, and is regarded by many as the ‘gold-standard’ single-dose neuraxial opioid due to its postoperative analgesic efficacy… Expand
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TLDR
Evidence from animal and human experiments indicates that hydrophilic opioids (such as hydromorphone and morphine) bind more strongly to specific receptors within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord than lipophilic opioids(such as alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufent anil), which means that morphine is a suitable choice for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. Expand
Which Epidural Opioid is More Suitable for Postoperative Pain Management
TLDR
Practical information for correct spinal opioid selection is provided to help the physicians a better choice for postoperative epidural analgesia. Expand
Postoperative analgesia with the use of lyophilized morphine
TLDR
The significant extension of analgesia with scarce demand of rescue analgesia and a stable cardiorespiratory behavior with an incidence of minor adverse effects convert anesthesia with subarachnoid Morphine into a useful and safe method for patients who have undergone either elective or emergency surgery. Expand
Comparison of the relative analgesic efficacies of epidural or intramuscular diamorphine following total knee arthroplasty
TLDR
This study has shown the superior analgesic efficacy of epidural diamorphine when compared to intramuscular injection. Expand
Neuraxial Drug Administration
TLDR
This review concentrates on the pharmacological agents used and the clinical basis behind currently utilised approaches to neuraxial drug administration, including local anaesthetics and opioids, and the main focus is on the development of the enantiomer-specific compounds ropivacaine and levobupvacaine. Expand
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