A comprehensive analysis of six dihydroflavonol 4-reductases encoded by a gene cluster of the Lotus japonicus genome.

@article{Shimada2005ACA,
  title={A comprehensive analysis of six dihydroflavonol 4-reductases encoded by a gene cluster of the Lotus japonicus genome.},
  author={Norimoto Shimada and Ryo Sasaki and Shusei Sato and Takakazu Kaneko and Satoshi Tabata and Toshio Aoki and Shin-ichi Ayabe},
  journal={Journal of experimental botany},
  year={2005},
  volume={56 419},
  pages={
          2573-85
        }
}
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is the first committed enzyme of the anthocyanin and condensed tannin pathways. Several DFR cDNAs have been cloned, and different specificities of DFR isozymes in the substrate hydroxylation patterns have been reported, but only fragmentary knowledge of DFR gene organization is available. Reported here is a comprehensive analysis of DFRs of a model legume, Lotus japonicus. A total of five DFR genes were found to form a cluster within a 38 kb region in the L… 
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Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Genes from Freesia hybrida Play Important and Partially Overlapping Roles in the Biosynthesis of Flavonoids
TLDR
It can be concluded that the DFR-like genes from F. hybrida have diverged during evolution to play partially overlapping roles in the flavonoid biosynthesis, and the results will contribute to the study of evolution of DFR gene families in angiosperms, especially for monocot plants.
A new buckwheat dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), with a unique substrate binding structure, has altered substrate specificity
TLDR
The 3D model suggested that not only the amino acid at the third position but also its neighbouring residues that are involved in the formation of the substrate-binding pocket play important roles in determining substrate preferences.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Genes Encoding Dihydroflavonol-4-Reductase from Ginkgo biloba in Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway
TLDR
Three DFR proteins isolated from the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba showed high identities to other plant DFRs, which form three distinct DFR families, and appeared to be involved in environmental stress response, while GbDFR3 likely has primary functions in the synthesis of anthocyanins.
Arg-type dihydroflavonol 4-reductase genes from the fern Dryopteris erythrosora play important roles in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins
TLDR
DeDFR1 and DeDFR2 are considered to be a new type of DFR with unique structures and functions and the discovery of the Arg-type DFR provides new insights into the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in ferns.
Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Genes Encode Enzymes with Contrasting Substrate Specificity and Show Divergent Gene Expression Profiles in Fragaria Species
During fruit ripening, strawberries show distinct changes in the flavonoid classes that accumulate, switching from the formation of flavan 3-ols and flavonols in unripe fruits to the accumulation of…
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene in Saussurea medusa
TLDR
This work greatly enhances the knowledge of flavonoid biosynthesis in Saussurea medusa and marks a major advance that could facilitate future genetic modification of S. medusa.
Identification of a Flavin Monooxygenase-Like Flavonoid 8-Hydroxylase with Gossypetin Synthase Activity from Lotus japonicus
TLDR
This study represents the first instance of cloning and identification of F8Hs responsible for gossypetin biosynthesis in a model legume and revealed that LjF8H was functional in plant cells.
Genome-wide Analyses of the Structural Gene Families Involved in the Legume-specific 5-Deoxyisoflavonoid Biosynthesis of Lotus japonicus
  • N. Shimada, Shusei Sato, +4 authors T. Aoki
  • Biology
    DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes
  • 2007
TLDR
Analysis of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the legume-specific 5-deoxyisoflavonoid of L. japonicus provides reliable annotations of the genes and genetic markers for comparative and functional genomics of leguminous plants.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Dihydroflavonol-4-Reductase from Populus trichocarpa
TLDR
Sequence alignment of the two PtrDFRs with other known DFRs reveals the homology of these genes, indicating the potential regulation of condensed tannins by P trDFR2 in the biosynthetic pathway in poplars.
Functional and correlation analyses of dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes indicate their roles in regulating anthocyanin changes in Ginkgo biloba
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