A chondroitin sulfate small molecule that stimulates neuronal growth.

@article{Tully2004ACS,
  title={A chondroitin sulfate small molecule that stimulates neuronal growth.},
  author={Sarah E. Tully and Ross Mabon and Cristal I Gama and Sherry M. Tsai and Xuewei Liu and Linda C. Hsieh‐Wilson},
  journal={Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  year={2004},
  volume={126 25},
  pages={
          7736-7
        }
}
Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans are sulfated polysaccharides involved in cell division, neuronal development, and spinal cord injury. Here, we report the synthesis and identification of a chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharide that stimulates the growth and differentiation of neurons. These studies represent the first, direct investigations into the structure-activity relationships of chondroitin sulfate using homogeneous synthetic molecules and define a tetrasaccharide as a minimal motif… 
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Methods Citations
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TLDR
While introduction of chondroitin sulfate into a scaffold inhibits primary cortical outgrowth, the combination of chONDroit in sulfate, chondimer sulfate-binding peptide and nerve growth factor promotes primary cortical neurite outgrowth in chondDetroit in gels.
Recent Advances in the Chemical and Enzymatic Chondroitin Sulfate Synthesis
Chondroitin sulfates (CSs) are complex polysaccharides that play important roles in many biological processes. This mini-review focuses on the recent advances in chemical and enzymatic synthesis of…
Semisynthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate E Tetrasaccharide from Hyaluronic Acid.
TLDR
The synthetic process utilizes the enzymatic degradation and selective C4 hydroxyl group conversion as key approaches for direct construction of the CS tetrasaccharide precursor, which furnishes the neuroactive CS-E tetrasACcharide in 15 steps.
Glycodendrimers as Chondroitin Sulfate Mimetics: Synthesis and Binding to Growth Factor Midkine.
TLDR
Using a fluorescence polarization competition assay, it is demonstrated that a hexavalent dendrimer of this disaccharide interact with midkine, in the low micromolar range, highlighting the potency of these disacCharide-displaying multivalent systems as interesting mimetics of longer and synthetically more complex GAG oligosaccharides.
Synthetic and semi-synthetic chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycomimetics.
Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate A Bearing Syndecan-1 Glycopeptide.
TLDR
Syndecan-1 chondroitin sulfate glycopeptide was synthesized for the first time using the cassette approach and was successfully assembled via a 2+ (3 + 3) glycosylation strategy followed by peptide chain elongation.
Chemical approaches to deciphering the glycosaminoglycan code.
Divergent Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharides and Identification of Sulfate Motifs that Inhibit Triple Negative Breast Cancer
TLDR
A versatile synthetic strategy is devised to obtain all the 16 theoretically possible sulfation patterns in the chondroitin sulfate (CS) repeating unit; these include rare but potentially important sulfated motifs which have not been isolated earlier.
Improvement on binding of chondroitin sulfate derivatives to midkine by increasing hydrophobicity.
TLDR
The relative binding affinities of these intermediates were significantly higher than those displayed by the corresponding fully deprotected oligosaccharides, indicating that the presence of hydrophobic protecting groups strongly enhanced the binding of CS-like derivatives to midkine.
Chondroitin sulfate: extraction, purification, microbial and chemical synthesis
TLDR
This mini-review focuses on the main methods of chondroitin sulfate extraction and purification, and recent advances in bio-syntheses and chemical synthesis of such molecules.
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