A behavioral notion of subtyping

@article{Liskov1994ABN,
  title={A behavioral notion of subtyping},
  author={Barbara H. Liskov and Jeannette M. Wing},
  journal={ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.},
  year={1994},
  volume={16},
  pages={1811-1841}
}
The use of hierarchy is an important component of object-oriented design. Hierarchy allows the use of type families, in which higher level supertypes capture the behavior that all of their subtypes have in common. For this methodology to be effective, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of how subtypes and supertypes are related. This paper takes the position that the relationship should ensure that any property proved about supertype objects also holds for its subtype objects. It… 
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References

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