A Prejudiced Review of Ancient Parasites and Their Host Echinoderms: CSI Fossil Record or Just an Excuse for Speculation?

@article{Donovan2015APR,
  title={A Prejudiced Review of Ancient Parasites and Their Host Echinoderms: CSI Fossil Record or Just an Excuse for Speculation?},
  author={Stephen K. Donovan},
  journal={Advances in parasitology},
  year={2015},
  volume={90},
  pages={
          291-328
        }
}
  • S. Donovan
  • Published 2015
  • Geography, Environmental Science
  • Advances in parasitology
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21 Citations
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Echinoids as hard substrates : Varied examples from the Oligocene of Antigua, Lesser Antilles
Extremes of Pit Infestation and Growth Deformity in a Crinoid Column, Permian of Timor
TLDR
A curious and instructive specimen demonstrates the relationship between a living Permian crinoid and coeval invasive, pit-forming, invertebrates in detail.
Symbiotic embedment structures in Silurian Caryocrinites (Echinodermata, Rhombifera, Hemicosmitida)
Abstract. A variety of pits representing symbiotic embedments, sometimes associated with pathological deformation in the host, are known from the skeletons of Paleozoic stalked echinoderms. These…
The invalidity of the trace fossil Tremichnus Brett
The ichnogenus Tremichnus Brett was established for small round pits in echinoderm endoskeletons, principally crinoids. It is morphologically identical to Oichnus Bromley. It is significant that…
A Dense Infestation of Round Pits in the Irregular Echinoid Hemipneustes striatoradiatus (Leske) from the Maastrichtian of the Netherlands
TLDR
A test of the holasteroid echinoid Hemipneustes striatoradiatus (Leske) from the upper Meerssen Member (subunit IVf-6; Maastricht Formation) was infested by 170 non-penetrative pits assigned to Oichnus excavatus (Donovan and Jagt).
Paleoecological Significance of a Pre-Mortem Crinoid-Coral Interaction from the Silurian of Southeastern Indiana
A noteworthy specimen recording a syn vivo interaction between a stalked echinoderm and a tabulate coral is described herein from the middle Silurian (Wenlock Series, Sheinwoodian Stage) Massie…
Shallow Traces (Pits) in the Test of the Irregular Echinoid Echinocorys scutata Leske from the Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the United Kingdom
ABSTRACT Specimens of epifaunal irregular echinoids in the Upper Cretaceous of northern Europe have been reported with patterns of circular, nonpenetrative parabolic pits, Oichnus paraboloides…
Platycrinitid (Monobathrida) crinoid columnals from the Permian of Timor: Form, function, protection and intimate associations
Echinoderm ichnology: bioturbation, bioerosion and related processes
TLDR
The skeletal robustness of some echinoids may promote their post mortum use as benthic islands for the settlement of hard-substrate dwellers and promote the production of related traces produced by the reutilization of echinoderm ossicles.
The Taphonomy of Echinoids: Skeletal Morphologies, Environmental Factors and Preservation Pathways
TLDR
This Element addresses the taphonomy of echinoids and includes a general introduction to the morphological features of Echinoids that play a role in their preservation; a review of processes which play an important role in the differential preservation of both regular and irregular echinoid fauna including predation and transport.
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References

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TLDR
It seems probable at present that true parasitism did not begin until the Carboniferous Period, and cases described by Abel may be regarded as the beginnings of parasitism.
A Dense Epizoobiontic Infestation of a Lower Carboniferous Crinoid (Amphoracrinus gilbertsoni (Phillips)) by Oichnus paraboloides Bromley
INTRODUCTION Small round holes, that is, the ichnogenus Oichnus Bromley 1981, are a common phenomenon in Phanerozoic shelly substrates. These ichnofossils may be either penetrative, most commonly…
Parasites and the fossil record
TLDR
This review is concerned primarily with the fossil record and its immediate implications and does not appraise parasite evolution in the light of evidence from sources, often of excellent quality, such as comparative anatomy and physiology or ecology.
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Echinoderms generally act as second intermediary host for trematodes; the latter are known mostly from echlnoids and ophiuroids which constitute the most frequent echinoderm prey for fishes.
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TLDR
The results indicated that for both species of crinoids individuals infested by snails were significantly smaller than uninfested individuals (p < 0.05), confirming the null hypothesis that the crinoid-gastropod relationship was strictly commensal.
Host-specific pit-forming epizoans on Silurian crinoids
  • C. Brett
  • Environmental Science, Geography
  • 1978
Brett, Carlton E. 197807 15: Host-specific pit-forming epizoans on Silurian crinoids. Lethaia, Vol. 11. pp. 217–232. Oslo. ISSN 0024–1164. Circular-parabolic pits occur commonly on the…
Platyceratid gastropod infestations of Neoplatycrinus Wanner (Crinoidea) from the Permian of West Timor: speculations on thecal modifications
Crinoids for lunch? An unexpected biotic interaction from the Upper Ordovician of Scotland
TLDR
The predatory or scavenging habit of H. thraivensis is consistent with its inferred phylogenetic position as a stem-group aplacophoran and provides new data suggesting an origin of carnivory early in the evolution of this clade.
Strange taphonomy: Late Cretaceous Echinocorys Leske (Echinoidea) as a hard substrate in a modern shallow marine environment
The holasteroid Echinocorys is a common, robust echinoid in the Upper Cretaceous–Danian Chalks and limestones of northern Europe. It formed hard substrates that were infested by a variety of…
The last meal of the Late Ordovician mollusc ‘Helminthochiton’ thraivensis Reed, 1911, from the Lady Burn Starfish Beds, southwest Scotland
An exceptional specimen of the Late Ordovician mollusc ‘Helminthochiton’ thraivensis Reed, from the Katian of the Lady Burn Starfish Beds, southwest Scotland, preserves gut contents that include nine…
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