A Phase I Study Evaluating Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of L‐Menthol in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

@article{Hiki2011API,
  title={A Phase I Study Evaluating Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of L‐Menthol in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy},
  author={Naoki Hiki and Michio Kaminishi and Tomoko Hasunuma and M. Nakamura and Sachiyo Nomura and Naohisa Yahagi and Hisao Tajiri and H. Suzuki},
  journal={Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
  year={2011},
  volume={90}
}
Peppermint oil has been shown to relax gastrointestinal smooth muscle. In this randomized, placebo‐controlled study, an L‐menthol preparation, NPO‐11, was assessed for tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Single doses of NPO‐11, as high as 320 mg, were well tolerated. NPO‐11 was rapidly absorbed, with peak concentrations reached within 1 h after administration. Approximately 70% of the administered L‐menthol and its metabolites were excreted in the urine… 
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This in silico approach is based on the three in vivo studies and aims to resolve the discrepancies in proposed pathways of (-)-menthol metabolism and fills missing links in previously published pathways.

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The findings of this study support the use of L-menthol to suppress gastrointestinal peristalsis during endoscopic procedure.

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Pain and its severity and all the clinical signs and symptoms decreased after taking peppermint extract, and using mint is advised for treating dysmenorrhea symptoms.

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The types of metabolic reactions that have been documented for flavour substances that are added to the human food chain, the methodologies available for metabolic studies, and the factors that affect the metabolic fate of a flavour substance are summarized.

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