A Flying Start, Then a Slow Slip

@article{Bilham2005AFS,
  title={A Flying Start, Then a Slow Slip},
  author={Roger G. Bilham},
  journal={Science},
  year={2005},
  volume={308},
  pages={1126 - 1127}
}
The human tragedy caused by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (moment magnitude 9.3) on 26 December 2004 and its companion Nias earthquake (moment magnitude 8.7) on 28 March 2005 is difficult to comprehend. These earthquakes, the largest in 40 years, have also left seismologists searching for the words and tools to describe the enormity of the geological processes involved. Four papers in this issue discuss aspects of a rupture process of surprising complexity, the first such event to test the… 
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176 Citations
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176 Citations

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Earthquake Rupture Stalled by a Subducting Fracture Zone
TLDR
It is shown that the rupture produced by the great Peru earthquake on 23 June 2001 propagated for ∼70 kilometers before encountering a 6000-square-kilometer area of fault that acted as a barrier, which had relatively low rupture speed, slip, and aftershock density as compared to its surroundings.
Review of the source characteristics of the Great Sumatra–Andaman Islands earthquake of 2004
The December 26, 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Island earthquake, which ruptured the Sunda Trench subduction zone, is one of the three largest earthquakes to occur since global monitoring began in the 1890s.…
Lessons Learned from the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Megathrust Rupture
The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake has been extensively studied because of its great size and devastating consequences. Large amounts of highquality seismic, geodetic, and geologic data have led to…
Simulated Strong Ground Motions for the Great M 9.3 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004
On 26 December 2004, a devastating earthquake of M 9.3 occurred offshore northern Sumatra. Due to the size of this earthquake and the accompanying tsunami wave, disastrous consequences have been…
Geodynamics of the Wadati-Benioff zone earthquakes: The 2004 Sumatra earthquake and other great earthquakes
The displacement of the Earth’s instantaneous rotation pole – observed at ASI of Matera, Italy – the seismic data (USGS) in the two days following the main shock, the high frequency P-wave radiation,…
Great Earthquake-Generated Events
The purpose of this chapter is to define the benchmark of run-up heights and geomorphic evidence produced by the greatest tsunamigenic earthquakes in the recorded history. This is what we know for…
The Geodynamic Meaning of the Great Sumatran Earthquake
The difference between the value of seismic moment computed using the surface wave data and the value derived from the normal modes of the Earth requires reinterpretation of the focal mechanism of…
The geodynamic meaning of the great Sumatran earthquake: Inferences from short time windows
The difference between the value of seismic moment computed using the surface wave data and the value derived from the normal modes of the Earth requires reinterpretation of the focal mechanism of…
Tidal synchronicity of the 26 December 2004 Sumatran earthquake and its aftershocks
The frequency of earthquake incidence along the Andaman/Sunda/Java Trench plate‐boundary region has been investigated for the ten‐lunar‐month period 28 October 2004–19 August 2005, encompassing the…
Variations in the Kinematics of Deformation in the Vicinity of the Catastrophic Sumatra Earthquake
Abstract—The Great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (GASE) on December 26, 2004, with magnitude Mw of 9.2, occurred in the Indian Ocean near the northwestern coast of Sumatra Island at a depth of 30 km and…
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References

SHOWING 1-6 OF 6 REFERENCES
Rupture Process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake
The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake initiated slowly, with small slip and a slow rupture speed for the first 40 to 60 seconds. Then the rupture expanded at a speed of about 2.5 kilometers…
The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004
TLDR
Tsunami and geodetic observations indicate that additional slow slip occurred in the north over a time scale of 50 minutes or longer, and fault slip of up to 15 meters occurred near Banda Aceh, Sumatra, but to the north, along the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, rapid slip was much smaller.
Periodically Triggered Seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, After the Sumatra Earthquake
TLDR
As surface waves from the 26 December 2004 earthquake in Sumatra swept across Alaska, they triggered an 11-minute swarm of 14 local earthquakes near Mount Wrangell, almost 11,000 kilometers away, implying that local events were triggered by simple shear failure on normal faults.
Earth's Free Oscillations Excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake
TLDR
Using more realistic rupture models on a steeper fault derived from seismic body and surface waves, free oscillation amplitudes are approximated with a seismic moment that corresponds to a moment magnitude of 9.15 and underpredict geodetic displacements that argue for slow fault motion beneath the Nicobar and Andaman islands.
The Size and Duration of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake from Far-Field Static Offsets
TLDR
This work used static offsets at continuously operating GPS stations at distances of up to 4500 kilometers from the epicenter to model the earthquake and includes consideration of the Earth's shape and depth-varying rigidity.
Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region