A Cognitive Model of Planning

@article{HayesRoth1979ACM,
  title={A Cognitive Model of Planning},
  author={Barbara Hayes-Roth and Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  journal={Cogn. Sci.},
  year={1979},
  volume={3},
  pages={275-310}
}
This paper presents a cognitive model of the planning process. The model generalizes the theoretical architecture of the Hearsay-II system. Thus, it assumes that planning comprises the activities of a variety of cognitive “specialists.” Each specialist can suggest certain kinds of decisions for incorporation into the plan in progress. These include decisions about: (a) how to approach the planning problem; (b) what knowledge bears on the problem; (c) what kinds of actions to try to plan; (d… 
View via Publisher
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
1,365 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
37
Background Citations
358
Methods Citations
104
Results Citations
15

Figures from this paper

1,365 Citations

Planning and Meta-Planning (MOLGEN: Part 2)

Planning, anticipatory systems, and kinds of actors

This article focuses on analytical dimensions in the extended field of planning and compares several planning approaches on a number of aspects, e.g., the kind of entity that makes the plan (natural or artificial), whether the plan is executed by the planner or by another entity, representational issues, and the domain that thePlan is executed in.

A Connectionist Approach to Human Planning

Evana provides evidence that simple pattern transformation devices like connectionist networks are capable of performing human-like planning, if these networks are thoroughly embedded into their environment, as it is demanded by the situated action account.

Paradoxes in planning

Modesty in modelling: on the applicability of interactive planning systems, with a case study in pot plant cultivation

The stance taken towards planning situations in this study is that they are instances of decision making in general, embedded in the functioning of the organization.

Plan generation strategies for a knowledge-based automated process planning system

This paper demonstrates a methodology that represents, reasons and plans with multiple knowledge types and multiple planning strategies existing in the domain of process planning.

Selective Abstraction in Automated Planning

The technique, Variable Resolution Planning (VRP), performs a detailed analysis of the near future and abstracts away details as it reasons about the far future, which plausibly is closer to how humans plan in these kinds of environments.

Cognition, tasks and planning: supporting the planning of shunting operations at the Netherlands Railways

This article argues that algorithms should be created for planners’ subtasks rather than for planning problems, and develops a prototype of a planning support system with bottom up designed scheduling algorithms.

Plan nets : A formal representation of action and belief for automatic planning systems

This thesis motivates, defines, demonstrates, and analyses plan nets through an argument regarding the inherent inability of current methods of action description to correctly describe the changes to an agent's beliefs under the occurrence of an action.

Planning and decision theory

This work sees two main avenues for fruitful research in planning in AI: first, the straightforward decision theoretic formulation of planning is computationally impractical, and secondly, AI has developed many representations that allow useful structuring of knowledge about the world.
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 40 REFERENCES

A Structure for Plans and Behavior

Progress to date in the ability of a computer system to understand and reason about actions is described, and the structure of a plan of actions is as important for problem solving and execution monitoring as the nature of the actions themselves.

Flexibility in Executive Strategies.

Abstract : Executive strategies determine the allocation of cognitive resources during problem-solving. Earlier research has suggested that people can adopt alternative strategies for solving…

Modeling Planning as an Incremental, Opportunistic Process

A model of planning is presented and the current version of an INTERLISP simulation of the model is described and psychological results which confirm the model's basic assumptions for human planning behavior are confirmed.

Knowledge-directed learning

A system embodying a knowledge-directed approach to unsupervised learning is examined, which is provided with a general characterization of action-oriented competitive games and its ability to use acquired knowledge is demonstrated.

A Case Study of the Reasoning in a Genetics Experiment

The laboratory steps for a series of genetics experiments are examined in depth and the reasoning and knowledge used to plan the experiments are characterized and much of the geneticist's behavior seems to be directed toward exploiting serendipity.

A Planning System for Robot Construction Tasks

A Multi-Level Organization For Problem Solving Using Many, Diverse, Cooperating Sources Of Knowledge

An organization is presented for implementing solutions to knowledge-based AI problems. The hypothesize-and-test paradigm is used as the basis for cooperation among many diverse and independent…

Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces

Understanding natural language

A computer system for understanding English that contains a parser, a recognition grammar of English, programs for semantic analysis, and a general problem solving system based on the belief that in modeling language understanding, it must deal in an integrated way with all of the aspects of language—syntax, semantics, and inference.

A Retrospective View of the Hearsay-II Architecture

Experiences gained while successfully applying the Hearsay-II architecture to the problem of speech understanding are described, and the paradigm of viewing problem solving in terms of hypothesize-and-test actions distributed among distinct representations of the problem has been shown to be computationally feasible.