A Clinical and Pharmacologic Review of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants for Musculoskeletal Conditions

@article{Beebe2005ACA,
  title={A Clinical and Pharmacologic Review of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants for Musculoskeletal Conditions},
  author={Frank A. Beebe and Robert L. Barkin and Stacie Barkin},
  journal={American Journal of Therapeutics},
  year={2005},
  volume={12},
  pages={151-171}
}
Muscle strains and other musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of work absenteeism. Muscle pain, spasm, swelling, and inflammation are symptomatic of strains. The precise relationship between musculoskeletal pain and spasm is not well understood. The dictum that pain induces spasm, which causes more pain, is not substantiated by critical analysis. The painful muscle may not show EMG activity, and when there is, the timing and intensity often do not correlate with the pain… 
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Role of Muscle Relaxant (Tizanidine) In Painful Muscle Spasm
TLDR
This study confirms efficacy, safety and tolerability of Tizanidine for relief of painful muscle spasm.
Evaluation and treatment of acute low back pain.
TLDR
There is good evidence for the effectiveness of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, skeletal muscle relaxants, heat therapy, physical therapy, and advice to stay active, and recommendations for effective treatments.
The use of skeletal muscle relaxants in musculoskeletal injuries: what is the evidence?
TLDR
Evidence suggest SMRs to be probably effective for use in non-specific lower back pain, as well as for whiplash associated disorder, mechanical neck disorders, piriformis syndrome, lateral epicondylosis, and plantar fasciitis.
Ibuprofen as a Treatment for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Effectiveness versus Caveats
TLDR
Since long-term ibuprofen use can induce a number of negative side effects, such as gastritis, multi-pronged approaches should be considered with anti-inflammatory drugs included for only short time periods.
Effect of Oral and Intramuscular Injection of Methocarbamol and Placebo on Muscle train Pain
TLDR
Back strain may account 60% to 70% of mechanical low back pain and almost 85% of neck pain results from acute or repetitive neck injuries or chronic stress and strain.
Choosing a skeletal muscle relaxant.
TLDR
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses support using skeletal muscle relaxants for short-term relief of acute low back pain when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen are not effective or tolerated.
Antispasmodics and Muscle Relaxants
TLDR
Most guidelines and current evidence support short-term use for all medications discussed in this chapter, and there is no clear evidence to show superiority of one muscle relaxant over another in managing acute low back pain.
625 45 Neck Pain
trauma, degenerative changes, infection, and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The perception and resultant reporting of this pain vary significantly…
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
TLDR
Although trial results seem to support the use of antispasticity and antispasmodic agents for their respective indications, efficacy data from comparator trials did not particularly favor one skeletal muscle relaxant over another.
Comparative Efficacy of Four Muscle Relaxants on Signs and Symptoms of the Myofascial Pain Syndrome Associated with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial
TLDR
Muscle relaxants with sedative effects were not found to be more efficient in relieving the symptoms than were non-sedating medications and the reduction of pain continued with time of follow-up.
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