A Bacillus subtilis mutant requiring dipicolinic acid for the development of heat-resistant spores.

@article{Balassa1979ABS,
  title={A Bacillus subtilis mutant requiring dipicolinic acid for the development of heat-resistant spores.},
  author={Georges Balassa and Pierre G. Milhaud and Edith Raulet and M. T. Silva and João Carlos Sousa},
  journal={Journal of general microbiology},
  year={1979},
  volume={110 2},
  pages={
          365-79
        }
}
A Bacillus subtilis mutant is described which forms heat-resistant spores only in the presence of external dipicolinic acid (DPA). The mutation, dpa-1, is localized in a new sporulation locus, linked to pyrA. The dpa-1 strain is unable to synthesize DPA but can incorporate external DPA. The amount of DPA incorporated, the frequency of heat-resistant spores and their degree of resistance are all dependent on the concentration of external DPA. Spores of dpa- 1 strains exhibit normal resistance to… 
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The role of DPA in spore properties has long been unclear, and there are data indicating that increasing spore DPA levels are associated with increased spore wet heat resistance.
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Analysis of the resistance of wild-type, Deltagers3, and Deltager3 spoVF spores to various agents led to the following conclusions: DPA and core water content play no role in spore resistance to dry heat, dessication, or glutaraldehyde; an elevated coreWater content is associated with decreased spore resistant to wet heat, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and the iodine-based disinfectant Betadine.
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Inhibitory Action of Dipicolinic Acid on the Activation of Inactive Glucose Dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis Spores
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The present studies were performed to partially purify inactive glucose dehydrogenase from B. subtilis spores and to examine the binding of DPA to the enzyme and its inhibitory action.
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In general, strains with mutations in loci that are expressed in the spore compartment synthesized DPA, whereas strains with mutation in most of the loci in the mother-cell compartment did not.
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C Cultures of strains carrying mutations in spoVR had an increased proportion of phase-dark spores, which correlated with an increase proportion of cortexless spores seen by electron microscopy, and the numbers of heat- and chloroform-resistant phase-bright spores produced by these mutants were decreased by about 3- to 10-fold.
Temporal dissociation of late events in Bacillus subtilis sporulation from expression of genes that determine them
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It appears that from the viewpoint of regulation, the expression of the genes and the production of the proteins for resistance to toluene, heating at 65 degrees C, and heating at 80 degrees C are all stage IV sporulation events, although the resistance properties themselves appear only during stages V and VI.
Pressure Inactivation of Bacillus Endospores
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Results indicate that inactivation of spores by combined pressure and temperature processing is achieved by a two-stage mechanism that does not involve germination.
Studies of the influence of nicotinamide on the development of heat resistance in Bacillus cereus T
TLDR
The exogenous addition of DPA or l‐kynurenine completely reverses all effects indicating a possible involvement of L‐tryptophan metabolism in the development of heat resistance and sporulation in Bacillus cereus T.
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