4D flow MRI

@article{Markl20124DFM,
  title={4D flow MRI},
  author={Michael Markl and Alex Frydrychowicz and Sebastian Kozerke and Mike Hope and Oliver Wieben},
  journal={Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  year={2012},
  volume={36}
}
Traditionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow using phase contrast (PC) methods is accomplished using methods that resolve single‐directional flow in two spatial dimensions (2D) of an individual slice. More recently, three‐dimensional (3D) spatial encoding combined with three‐directional velocity‐encoded phase contrast MRI (here termed 4D flow MRI) has drawn increased attention. 4D flow MRI offers the ability to measure and to visualize the temporal evolution of complex blood flow… 
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365 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
13
Background Citations
66
Methods Citations
43
Results Citations
1

365 Citations

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Citation Type

Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications.
Hemodynamic Aspects of Vessel Wall Imaging: 4D Flow
TLDR
The methods used for 4D flow MRI acquisition, post-processing, and data analysis are described to describe the methods used in the assessment of hemodynamic aspects of vessel wall imaging in the head, neck, thorax, and peripheral vessels.
Abdominal applications of quantitative 4D flow MRI
TLDR
Technical aspects of the implementation of abdominal 4D flow MRI ranging from patient preparation and acquisition protocol over post-processing and quality control to final data analysis are discussed.
Abdominal Applications of 4D Flow MRI.
TLDR
Results of recent studies indicate that 4D flow MRI improves understanding of altered hemodynamics in patients with abdominal disease and may be useful for monitoring therapeutic response.
Flow Quantification with MRI
Sketch-based Registration of 3D Cine MRI to 4D flow MRI
TLDR
This paper proposes two sketch-based methods for effective localization of 4D Flow MRI to 3D cine MRI registration and evaluates these methods and compare them with other localization methods.
4D Flow Imaging: Current Status to Future Clinical Applications
TLDR
This review provides an introduction to the methodological aspects of 4D flow MRI to assess vascular hemodynamics and describes its potential for the assessment and understanding of altered hemodynamics in the presence of cardiovascular disease.
Preclinical 4D-flow magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging of the murine aortic arch
TLDR
An imaging protocol is provided that offers the possibility to acquire the aortic arch at sufficiently high resolution in less than one hour and allows the combination of the flow assessment with other multifunctional imaging protocols.
Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in cirrhosis.
  • Z. Stankovic
  • Medicine, Biology
    World journal of gastroenterology
  • 2016
TLDR
The purpose of this review article is to broaden the understanding of 4D flow MRI for the assessment of liver hemodynamics by providing insights into acquisition, data analysis, visualization and quantification.
A Survey of Cardiac 4D PC‐MRI Data Processing
TLDR
This work focuses on the aorta and provides an overview of data measurement and pre‐processing, as well as current visualization and quantification methods, to improve the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy planning of cardiovascular diseases.
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References

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