4D bioprinting: the next-generation technology for biofabrication enabled by stimuli-responsive materials

@article{Li20164DBT,
  title={4D bioprinting: the next-generation technology for biofabrication enabled by stimuli-responsive materials},
  author={Yi-Chen Li and Yu Shrike Zhang and Ali Akpek and Su Ryon Shin and Ali Khademhosseini},
  journal={Biofabrication},
  year={2016},
  volume={9}
}
Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting, encompassing a wide range of disciplines including bioengineering, materials science, chemistry, and computer sciences, is emerging as the next-generation biofabrication technology. By utilizing stimuli-responsive materials and advanced three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategies, 4D bioprinting aims to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can transform their shapes or behavior under various stimuli. In this review, we highlight the… 
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