2D:4D finger-length ratios in children and adults with gender identity disorder

@article{Wallien20082D4DFR,
  title={2D:4D finger-length ratios in children and adults with gender identity disorder},
  author={Madeleine S. C. Wallien and Kenneth J. Zucker and Thomas D. Steensma and Peggy T Cohen-Kettenis},
  journal={Hormones and Behavior},
  year={2008},
  volume={54},
  pages={450-454}
}
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108 Citations

2D:4D Finger Length Ratios in Individuals with Gender Dysphoria.

TLDR
Evidence is presented that the AFB-GD individuals were exposed to testosterone in the prenatal period, and the 2D:4D digit ratio, which is considered to be a morphological indicator of exposure to testosterone at birth, in individuals with GD.

Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: a meta-analysis in men and women.

TLDR
It is found that heterosexual women had higher (more feminine) left- and right-hand 2D:4D than did lesbians, but there was no difference between heterosexual and gay men.

2D:4D Digit Ratios in Adults with Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison to Their Unaffected Same-Sex Heterosexual Siblings, Cisgender Heterosexual Men, and Cisgender Heterosexual Women.

We compared gender dysphoria (GD) patients and their same-sex siblings in terms of their 2D:4D ratios, which may reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, one of the possible etiological mechanisms…

Prenatal Influences on Sexual Orientation: Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Number of Older Siblings

Prenatal androgen levels are suggested to influence sexual orientation in both sexes. The 2D:4D digit ratio has been found to associate with sexual orientation, but published findings have often been…

THE BIOLOGIC BASIS OF TRANSGENDER IDENTITY: 2D:4D FINGER LENGTH RATIOS IMPLICATE A ROLE FOR PRENATAL ANDROGEN ACTIVITY.

  • M. LeinungChristina Wu
  • Medicine
    Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
  • 2017
TLDR
The findings are consistent with a biologic basis for transgender identity and the possibilities that FTM gender identity is affected by prenatal androgen activity but that MTF transgender identity has a different basis.

The relationship between second-to-fourth digit ratio and female gender identity.

TLDR
The finger length ratio 2D : 4D in GID-FtM was significantly lower than in female controls in the right hand and 2D: 4D showed a positive correlation with GIS score.

2D:4D Suggests a Role of Prenatal Testosterone in Gender Dysphoria

TLDR
The findings support the idea that high levels of prenatal T in natal females and low levels inNatal males play a part in the etiology of GD, and add to the evidence demonstrating the convergent validity of 2D:4D as a marker of prenatalT effects.

2D:4D ratios in the first 2years of life: Stability and relation to testosterone exposure and sensitivity

An anthropometric study of sexual orientation and gender identity in Thailand

TLDR
It appears the various anthropometrics inform separate biodevelopmental processes that differentially relate to sexual orientation and gender identity/expression depending on the measure in question as well as birth-assigned sex.

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and transgender identity: new original data and a meta-analysis

TLDR
This original investigation and the updated meta-analysis clarify the association between transgender identity and 2D:4D indicating the influence of prenatal androgen on the development of gender identity in subjects born as males.
...

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