• DOI:10.1017/S0020859000112404
Corpus ID: 145278119

“Freedom and Friendship to Ireland”: Ribbonism in Early Nineteenth-Century Liverpool

@article{Belchem1994FreedomAF,
  title={“Freedom and Friendship to Ireland”: Ribbonism in Early Nineteenth-Century Liverpool},
  author={John Belchem},
  journal={International Review of Social History},
  year={1994},
  volume={39},
  pages={33-56}
}

John Belchem

Published 1994

Sociology

International Review of Social History

The paper examines the role of “nationalist” secret societies among the rapidly growing Irish community in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s. The main port of entry, Liverpool occupied a pivotal role as the two main “Ribbon” societies developed secret networks to provide migrant members with political sanctuary and a range of “tramping” benefits. Through its welfare provision, offered irrespective of skill or trade, Ribbonism engendered a sense of identity wider than that of the familial and… CONTINUE READING

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