160 Citations
Mental models and human reasoning
- Philosophy, PsychologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- 2010
On this account, reasoning is a simulation of the world fleshed out with the authors' knowledge, not a formal rearrangement of the logical skeletons of sentences.
‘And’ is not always a logical conjunction
- PhilosophyKhazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
- 2019
The mental models theory has shown that the logical connectives do not always refer to the interpretation assigned to them by standard logic, and it is concluded that the conjunction can be linked to any of the sixteen possible interpretations that a logical operator relating two clauses can have.
The modulation of conditional assertions and its effects on reasoning
- PsychologyQuarterly journal of experimental psychology
- 2010
Four experiments investigated the interpretations of conditionals of the theory of mental models of how the meaning of a conditional's clauses and general knowledge can modulate this meaning, blocking certain possibilities or adding relations between the clauses.
Logic, Models, and Paradoxical Inferences
- Philosophy, Psychology
- 2012
People reject ‘paradoxical’ inferences, such as: Luisa didn't play music; therefore, if Luisa played soccer, then she didn't play music. For some theorists, they are invalid for everyday…
The Mental Logic Theory and De Morgan's Laws
- Philosophy
- 2014
Macbeth et al. carry out an experiment on DeMorgan’s laws and interpret that their results support the mental models theory and undermine formal rules theories such as that of Rips. In this paper, I…
There Can be a Syntax of Thought Related to Logical Forms
- Philosophy
- 2017
It is argued that, even accepting that the mental models theory describes correctly the processes why certain combinations of possibilities are detected, it can be stated that the relationships between such combinations indicated by the theory are consistent with, for example, the modal axiomatic system K.
Mental Models are Compatible with Logical Forms
- Philosophy
- 2017
It is argued that the acceptance of the mental models theory does not necessarily have to lead to a rejection of logical forms, and clear relationships between the theory and standard logic can be easily found.
Facts and Possibilities: A Model-Based Theory of Sentential Reasoning
- PhilosophyCogn. Sci.
- 2018
A computer implementation of the theory of mental models, including its two systems of reasoning, is described, which shows how the program simulates crucial predictions that evidence corroborates and contrasts with those based on logic or on probabilities.
Some arguments that the mental logic theory needs to clarify to continue being an alternative to the mental models theory
- Philosophy
- 2016
Undoubtedly, the mental models theory has become an important theory in cognitive science. This theory can predict and explain most of the experimental results that the literature of that field…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 60 REFERENCES
The Meaning(s) of “If”: Conditional Probabilities and Mental Models
- Psychology, Philosophy
- 2003
Three experiments with a probabilistic truth-table evaluation task suggest that most people interpret conditionals as asserting a high conditional probability of the consequent, given the antecedent.…
Conditionals and directionality: On the meaning of if vs. only if
- PhilosophyThe Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology
- 2002
This study uses two types of conditional statement that are logically equivalent: if p then q and p only if q, and reports three experiments that demonstrate the existence of a directional bias in the comprehension of the conditionals.
On the nature of mental models of conditional: The case of If, If then, and Only if
- Psychology
- 2003
It has recently been reported that forward inferences from if p then q sentences (i.e., from antecedent to consequent) were faster than backward inferences from consequent to antecedent (Barrouillet,…
Suppositions, extensionality, and conditionals: a critique of the mental model theory of Johnson-Laird And Byrne (2002).
- PhilosophyPsychological review
- 2005
The authors argue that the extensional semantics underlying the Johnson-Laird and Byrne theory is equivalent to that of the material, truth-functional conditional, at least for what they term "basic" conditionals, concerning arbitrary problem content.
The Mental Model Theory of Conditionals: A Reply to Guy Politzer
- Philosophy, Psychology
- 2009
This paper replies to Politzer’s (2007) criticisms of the mental model theory of conditionals. It argues that the theory provides a correct account of negation of conditionals, that it does not…
Reasoning with conditionals
- Philosophy
- 2007
This paper reviews the psychological investigation of reasoning with conditionals, putting an emphasis on recent work. In the first part, a few methodological remarks are presented. In the second…
In Search of Counter-Examples: Deductive Rationality in Human Reasoning
- PsychologyThe Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology
- 2003
The results of contextual manipulations that have a bearing on the supposed primacy of System 1 are presented, concur with the thesis in dual-processing frameworks that “Rationality-2 processes” (Evans & Over, 1996), “test procedures’ (Chater & Oaksford, 1999), or “conclusion validation processes“ (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) serve to override the results of System 2 processes.
Human reasoning includes a mental logic
- PhilosophyBehavioral and Brain Sciences
- 2009
Mental-logic theory rejects the use of the material conditional and deals with the completeness problem by limiting the scope of its procedures to local sets of propositions.
Conditionals: A Theory of Meaning, Pragmatics, and Inference
- Philosophy
- 2002
You reason about conditional relations because much of your knowledge is conditional. If you get caught speeding, then you pay a fine. If you have an operation, then you need time to recuperate. If…
The negated conditional: a litmus test for the suppositional conditional?
- Philosophy, PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
- 2006
Under the suppositional account of conditionals, when people think about a conditional assertion, "if p then q," they engage in a mental simulation in which they imagine p holds and evaluate the…