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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

There continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes, so it is important to update guidelines for monitoring autophagic activity in different organisms.
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FoxO3 Transcription Factor and Sirt6 Deacetylase Regulate Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol Homeostasis via Control of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (Pcsk9) Gene…

Overall, the data suggest that FoxO3 and Sirt6, two longevity genes, can reduce LDL-cholesterol levels through regulation of the Pcsk9 gene.
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Sestrin 3 Protein Enhances Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity by Direct Activation of the mTORC2-Akt Signaling

Biochemical analysis reveals that Sesn3 interacts with and activates mTORC2 and subsequently stimulates Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, suggesting that SESn3 can activate Akt via m TORC2 to regulate hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
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Hepatic FoxOs Regulate Lipid Metabolism via Modulation of Expression of the Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Gene*

Examining the phenotypic consequences of liver-specific deletion of three members of the FoxO family found that FoxOs control the Nampt gene expression and the NAD+ signaling in the regulation of hepatic triglyceride homeostasis.
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The Autophagy-related Gene 14 (Atg14) Is Regulated by Forkhead Box O Transcription Factors and Circadian Rhythms and Plays a Critical Role in Hepatic Autophagy and Lipid Metabolism*

The data suggest that Atg14 is a new target gene of FoxOs and the core clock machinery, and this gene plays an important role in hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1

A set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes are presented.
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Inactivating hepatic follistatin alleviates hyperglycemia

It is reported that insulin sensitivity in the white adipose tissue of LDKO mice is also impaired but is restored in LTKO mice in conjunction with normal suppression of HGP by insulin, and excess follistatin (Fst) is a pathological hepatokine that might be targeted for diabetes therapy during hepatic insulin resistance.
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FOXO transcription factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

  • X. Dong
  • Medicine, Biology
    Liver Research
  • 1 September 2017
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Hepatic SREBP-2 and cholesterol biosynthesis are regulated by FoxO3 and Sirt6[S]

The data suggest an important role of hepatic Sirt6 and FoxO3 in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and how this gene is epigenetically regulated is not clear.
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Feedback regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through modulation of SHP/Nr0b2 gene expression by Sirt1 and FoxO1.

The results suggest that Sirt1 can both positively and negatively regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis through FoxO1 and Nr0b2 and keep this physiological process in control.
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