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Necrotizing enterocolitis.
From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville ( J.N.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.A.W.); and the Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children,…
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The role of nucleotides in human nutrition
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Inflammation in the developing human intestine: A possible pathophysiologic contribution to necrotizing enterocolitis.
TLDR
The observation that immature human enterocytes react with excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production after inflammatory stimulation may help in part explain why prematures exposed to initial colonizing bacteria develop necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Probiotics and the gut microbiota in intestinal health and disease
TLDR
This Review considers recent advances in clinical trials of probiotics for intestinal disorders in both adult and pediatric populations and examines potential mechanisms of action of various probiotic formulations.
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The Mechanism of Excessive Intestinal Inflammation in Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Immature Innate Immune Response
TLDR
It is concluded that the excessive inflammatory response of the immature intestine, a hallmark of NEC, is due to a developmental immaturity in innate immune response genes.
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Protection of the Neonate by the Innate Immune System of Developing Gut and of Human Milk
TLDR
Interactions between human milk glycans, intestinal microflora, and intestinal mucosa surface glycans underlie ontogeny of innate mucosal immunity, pathobiology of enteric infection, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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The role of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and mucosal defence
TLDR
If this can be demonstrated, then prebiotics can be used as a dietary supplement to stimulate a balanced and an appropriately effective mucosal immune system in newborns and infants.
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Evidence for an Innate Immune Response in the Immature Human Intestine: Toll-Like Receptors on Fetal Enterocytes
TLDR
The presence of hTLR on human fetal enterocyte suggests a mechanism for the innate immune response to pathogens and could provide the basis for further study of the accentuated inflammatory response in age-dependent gastrointestinal diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract.
TLDR
The recent in vitro, animal, and clinical experiments that evaluated the role of several types of gastrointestinal functional foods, including the amino acids glutamine and arginine, the essential micronutrients vitamin A and zinc, and 2 classes of food additives, prebiotics and probiotics are reviewed.
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Attenuated Inflammatory Responses in Hemochromatosis Reveal a Role for Iron in the Regulation of Macrophage Cytokine Translation1
TLDR
In conclusion, innate immunity to oral Salmonella infection in Hfe knockout mice, a model of the human inherited disorder of iron metabolism type I hemochromatosis, is examined, and a novel role for iron is revealed in the regulation of the inflammatory response.
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