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Bose-Einstein condensation
In 1924 the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose sent Einstein a paper in which he derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles. Einstein…
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Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms
TLDR
The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
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Making, probing and understanding Bose-Einstein condensates
Contribution to the proceedings of the 1998 Enrico Fermi summer school on Bose-Einstein condensation in Varenna, Italy.
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Observation of Interference Between Two Bose Condensates
TLDR
It is demonstrated that Bose condensed atoms are “laser-like”; that is, they are coherent and show long-range correlations and have direct implications for the atom laser and the Josephson effect for atoms.
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Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates
TLDR
The observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.
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Evaporative Cooling of Trapped Atoms
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Observation of Feshbach resonances in a Bose–Einstein condensate
It has long been predicted that the scattering of ultracold atoms can be altered significantly through a so-called ‘Feshbach resonance’. Two such resonances have now been observed in optically…
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Realizing the Harper Hamiltonian with laser-assisted tunneling in optical lattices.
TLDR
The Harper Hamiltonian for neutral particles in optical lattices is implemented using laser-assisted tunneling and a potential energy gradient provided by gravity or magnetic field gradients to describe the motion of charged particles in strong magnetic fields.
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Realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in lower dimensions.
TLDR
The crossover into two-dimensional and one-dimensional condensates was observed by a change in aspect ratio and by the release energy converging to a nonzero value when the number of trapped atoms was reduced.
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Vortices and superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
TLDR
Observation of vortex lattices in a strongly interacting, rotating Fermi gas that provide definitive evidence for superfluidity are reported and the crossover from a Bose–Einstein condensate of molecules to a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superfluid of loosely bound pairs is explored.
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